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Serbian to English: Occupational Health and Safety Law
Source text - Serbian Z A K O N
O BEZBEDNOSTI I ZDRAVLJU NA RADU
I. OSNOVNE ODREDBE
Član 1.
Ovim zakonom uređuje se sprovođenje i unapređivanje bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu lica koja učestvuju u radnim procesima, kao i lica koja se zateknu u radnoj okolini, radi sprečavanja povreda na radu, profesionalnih oboljenja i oboljenja u vezi sa radom.
Za obavljanje određenih poslova državne uprave u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, ovim zakonom obrazuje se Uprava za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu kao organ uprave u sastavu Ministarstva rada, zapošljavanja i socijalne politike, i utvrđuje njena nadležnost.
Član 2.
Prava, obaveze i odgovornosti poslodavaca i zaposlenih, nadležnosti i mere čijom se primenom, odnosno sprovođenjem osigurava bezbednost i zdravlje na radu ostvaruju se u skladu sa ovim zakonom i propisima donetim na osnovu zakona, osim ako posebnim zakonom nije drugačije određeno.
Član 3.
Prava, obaveze i odgovornosti u vezi sa bezbednošću i zdravljem na radu, utvrđene ovim zakonom, bliže se uređuju kolektivnim ugovorom, opštim aktom poslodavca ili ugovorom o radu.
Član 4.
Pojedini izrazi koji se koriste u ovom zakonu imaju sledeće značenje:
1) Zaposleni jeste domaće ili strano fizičko lice koje je u radnom odnosu kod poslodavca, kao i lice koje po bilo kom osnovu obavlja rad ili se osposobljava za rad kod poslodavca, osim lica koje je u radnom odnosu kod poslodavca radi obavljanja poslova kućnog pomoćnog osoblja;
2) Poslodavac jeste domaće ili strano pravno lice, odnosno fizičko lice koje zapošljava, odnosno radno angažuje jedno ili više lica;
3) Predstavnik zaposlenih jeste lice izabrano da predstavlja zaposlene u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu kod poslodavca;
4) Bezbednost i zdravlje na radu jeste obezbeđivanje takvih uslova na radu kojima se, u najvećoj mogućoj meri, smanjuju povrede na radu, profesionalna oboljenja i oboljenja u vezi sa radom i koji pretežno stvaraju pretpostavku za puno fizičko, psihičko i socijalno blagostanje zaposlenih;
5) Preventivne mere jesu sve mere koje se preduzimaju ili čije se preduzimanje planira na svim nivoima rada kod poslodavca, radi sprečavanja povređivanja ili oštećenja zdravlja zaposlenih;
6) Radno mesto jeste prostor namenjen za obavljanje poslova kod poslodavca (u objektu ili na otvorenom kao i na privremenim i pokretnim gradilištima, objektima, uređajima, saobraćajnim sredstvima, i sl.) u kojem zaposleni boravi ili ima pristup u toku rada i koji je pod neposrednom ili posrednom kontrolom poslodavca;
7) Radna okolina jeste prostor u kojem se obavlja rad i koji uključuje radna mesta, radne uslove, radne postupke i odnose u procesu rada;
8) Sredstvo za rad jeste:
(1) objekat koji se koristi kao radni i pomoćni prostor, uključujući i objekat na otvorenom prostoru, sa svim pripadajućim instalacijama (instalacije fluida, grejanje, električne instalacije i dr.),
(2) oprema za rad (mašina, uređaj, postrojenje, instalacija, alat i sl.) koja se koristi u procesu rada,
(3) konstrukcija i objekat za kolektivnu bezbednost i zdravlje na radu (zaštita na prelazima, prolazima i prilazima, zakloni od toplotnih i drugih zračenja, zaštita od udara električne struje, opšta ventilacija i klimatizacija i sl.),
(4) pomoćna konstrukcija i objekat, kao i konstrukcija i objekat koji se privremeno koristi za rad i kretanje zaposlenih (skela, radna platforma, tunelska podgrada, konstrukcija za sprečavanje odrona zemlje pri kopanju dubokih rovova i sl.),
(5) drugo sredstvo koje se koristi u procesu rada ili je na bilo koji način povezano sa procesom rada;
9) Sredstvo i oprema za ličnu zaštitu na radu jeste odeća, obuća, pomoćne naprave i uređaji koji služe za sprečavanje povreda na radu, profesionalnih oboljenja, bolesti u vezi sa radom i drugih štetnih posledica po zdravlje zaposlenog;
10) Opasne materije jesu eksplozivne, zapaljive, oksidirajuće, otrovne, gadne, zarazne, korozivne, kancerogene i radioaktivne materije utvrđene standardima i drugim propisima, a koje se proizvode, koriste ili skladište u procesu rada, kao i materije čija su svojstva, kada su vezane za neke supstance, opasna po život i zdravlje zaposlenih;
11) Opasnost jeste okolnost ili stanje koje može ugroziti zdravlje ili izazvati povredu zaposlenog;
12) Opasna pojava jeste događaj kojim su ugroženi ili bi mogli da budu ugroženi život i zdravlje zaposlenog ili postoji opasnost od povređivanja zaposlenog;
13) Rizik jeste verovatnoća nastanka povrede, oboljenja ili oštećenja zdravlja zaposlenog usled opasnosti;
14) Akt o proceni rizika jeste akt koji sadrži opis procesa rada sa procenom rizika od povreda i/ili oštećenja zdravlja na radnom mestu u radnoj okolini i mere za otklanjanje ili smanjivanje rizika u cilju poboljšanja bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
15) Procena rizika jeste sistematsko evidentiranje i procenjivanje svih faktora u procesu rada koji mogu uzrokovati nastanak povreda na radu, oboljenja ili oštećenja zdravlja i utvrđivanje mogućnosti, odnosno načina sprečavanja, otklanjanja ili smanjenja rizika;
16) Radno mesto sa povećanim rizikom jeste radno mesto utvrđeno aktom o proceni rizika na kome, i pored potpuno ili delimično primenjenih mera u skladu sa ovim zakonom, postoje okolnosti koje mogu da ugroze bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenog;
17) Lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu jeste lice koje obavlja poslove bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, ima položen stručni ispit o praktičnoj osposobljenosti i koje poslodavac pismenim aktom odredi za obavljanje tih poslova;
18) Pravno lice za obavljanje poslova pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad i ispitivanja uslova radne okoline, odnosno hemijskih, bioloških i fizičkih štetnosti (osim jonizujućih zračenja), mikroklime i osvetljenosti jeste prvno lice kojem je ministar nadležan za rad izdao licencu, u skladu sa ovim zakonom;
19) Služba medicine rada jeste služba kojoj poslodavac poveri obavljanje poslova zaštite zdravlja zaposlenih;
20) Stručni nalaz jeste izveštaj o izvršenom pregledu i ispitivanju opreme za rad ili ispitivanju uslova radne okoline sa zaključkom da li su primenjene ili nisu primenjene propisane mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu;
21) Odgovorno lice za obavljanje pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad i ispitivanja uslova radne okoline, kao i za potpisivanje stručnih nalaza, jeste lice sa licencom za vršenje tih poslova (u daljem tekstu: odgovorno lice);
22) Licenca jeste ovlašćenje koje ministar nadležan za rad daje pravnom ili fizičkom licu za obavljanje određenih poslova u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, u skladu sa ovim zakonom.
Član 5.
Pravo na bezbednost i zdravlje na radu imaju:
1) zaposleni;
2) učenici i studenti kada se nalaze na obaveznom proizvodnom radu, profesionalnoj praksi ili praktičnoj nastavi (radionice, ekonomije, kabineti, laboratorije i dr.);
3) lica koja se nalaze na stručnom osposobljavanju, prekvalifikaciji ili dokvalifikaciji;
4) lica na profesionalnoj rehabilitaciji;
5) lica koja se nalaze na izdržavanju kazne zatvora dok rade u privrednoj jedinici zavoda za izvršenje kazne zatvora (radionice, gradilišta i sl.) i na drugom mestu rada;
6) lica na dobrovoljnim i javnim radovima organizovanim u opštem interesu, radnim akcijama i takmičenjima u vezi sa radom;
7) lica koja se zateknu u radnoj okolini radi obavljanja određenih poslova, ako je o njihovom prisustvu upoznat poslodavac.
Bezbednost i zdravlje na radu licima iz stava 1. tač. 1), 2) , 4) i 7) ovog člana obezbeđuje poslodavac, licima iz tačke 3) ovog člana obrazovna organizacija, licima iz tačke 5) ovog člana zavodi za izvršenje kazne zatvora, a licima iz tačke 6) ovog člana - organizator radova i takmičenja.
Član 6.
Posebna prava, obaveze i mere u vezi sa bezbednošću i zdravljem na radu mladih (naročito u vezi sa njihovim duhovnim i telesnim razvojem), žena koje rade na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom koji bi mogao da im ugrozi ostvarivanje materinstva, invalida i profesionalno obolelih - uređuju se ovim zakonom, drugim propisima, kolektivnim ugovorom, opštim aktom poslodavca i ugovorom o radu.
II. PREVENTIVNE MERE
Član 7.
Preventivne mere u ostvarivanju bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu obezbeđuju se primenom savremenih tehničkih, ergonomskih, zdravstvenih, obrazovnih, socijalnih, organizacionih i drugih mera i sredstava za otklanjanje rizika od povređivanja i oštećenja zdravlja zaposlenih, i /ili njihovog svođenja na najmanju moguću meru, u postupku:
1) projektovanja, izgradnje, korišćenja i održavanja objekata namenjenih za radne i pomoćne prostorije, kao i objekata namenjenih za rad na otvorenom prostoru u cilju bezbednog odvijanja procesa rada;
2) projektovanja, izgradnje, korišćenja i održavanja tehnoloških procesa rada sa svom pripadajućom opremom za rad, u cilju bezbednog rada zaposlenih i usklađivanja hemijskih, fizičkih i bioloških štetnosti, mikroklime i osvetljenja na radnim mestima i u radnim i pomoćnim prostorijama sa propisanim merama i normativima za delatnost koja se obavlja na tim radnim mestima i u tim radnim prostorijama;
3) projektovanja, izrade, korišćenja i održavanja opreme za rad, konstrukcija i objekata za kolektivnu bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, pomoćnih konstrukcija i objekata i drugih sredstava koja se koriste u procesu rada ili koja su na bilo koji način povezana sa procesom rada, tako da se u toku njihove upotrebe sprečava povređivanje ili oštećenje zdravlja zaposlenih;
4) proizvodnje, pakovanja, prevoza, skladištenja, upotrebe i uništavanja opasnih materija, na način i po propisima i pravilima kojima se otklanjaju mogućnosti povređivanja ili oštećenja zdravlja zaposlenih;
5) projektovanja, proizvodnje i korišćenja sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu, čijom se upotrebom otklanjaju rizici ili opasnosti koji nisu mogli da budu otklonjeni primenom odgovarajućih preventivnih mera;
6) obrazovanja, vaspitanja i osposobljavanja u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu.
Preventivne mere u postupcima iz stava 1. ovog člana propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
III. OBAVEZE I ODGOVORNOSTI POSLODAVCA
1. Opšte obaveze
Član 8.
Obaveze poslodavca, u smislu ovog zakona i propisa donetih na osnovu ovog zakona, istovremeno predstavljaju prava zaposlenih u vezi sa sprovođenjem mera bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu.
Član 9.
Poslodavac je dužan da obezbedi zaposlenom rad na radnom mestu i u radnoj okolini u kojima su sprovedene mere bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu.
Poslodavac se ne oslobađa obaveza i odgovornosti u vezi sa primenom mera bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu određivanjem drugog lica ili prenošenjem svojih obaveza i odgovornosti na drugo lice.
U slučaju nastanka povrede na radu zbog neuobičajenih i nepredvidivih okolnosti koje su izvan kontrole poslodavca ili zbog izuzetnih događaja čije se posledice uprkos svim nastojanjima nisu mogle izbeći, poslodavac nije odgovoran u smislu ovog zakona.
Poslodavac je dužan da obezbedi da radni proces bude prilagođen telesnim i psihičkim mogućnostima zaposlenog, a radna okolina, sredstva za rad i sredstva i oprema za ličnu zaštitu na radu budu uređeni, odnosno proizvedeni i obezbeđeni, da ne ugrožavaju bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenog.
Član 10.
Poslodavac je dužan da obezbedi da sprovođenje mera bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu ne prouzrokuje finansijske obaveze za zaposlenog i predstavnika zaposlenih i ne utiče na njihov materijalni i socijalni položaj stečen na radu i u vezi sa radom.
Član 11.
Poslodavac je dužan da, prilikom organizovanja rada i radnog procesa, obezbedi preventivne mere radi zaštite života i zdravlja zaposlenih kao i da za njihovu primenu obezbedi potrebna finansijska sredstva.
Poslodavac je dužan da obezbedi preventivne mere pre početka rada zaposlenog, u toku rada, kao i kod svake izmene tehnološkog postupka, izborom radnih i proizvodnih metoda kojima se obezbeđuje najveća moguća bezbednost i zaštita zdravlja na radu, zasnovana na primeni propisa u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, radnog prava, tehničkih propisa i standarda, propisa u oblasti zdravstvene zaštite, higijene rada, zdravstvenog i penzijskog i invalidskog osiguranja, i dr.
Član 12.
Preventivne mere obezbeđuje poslodavac polazeći od sledećih načela:
1) izbegavanje rizika;
2) procena rizika koji se ne mogu izbeći na radnom mestu;
3) otklanjanje rizika na njihovom izvoru primenom savremenih tehničkih rešenja;
4) prilagođavanje rada i radnog mesta zaposlenom, naročito u pogledu izbora opreme za rad i metoda rada, kao i izbora tehnološkog postupka da bi se izbegla monotonija u radu, u cilju smanjenja njihovog uticaja na zdravlje zaposlenog;
5) zamena opasnih tehnoloških procesa ili metoda rada bezopasnim ili manje opasnim;
6) davanje prednosti kolektivnim nad pojedinačnim merama bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
7) odgovarajuće osposobljavanje zaposlenih za bezbedan i zdrav rad i izdavanje uputstava za rad na siguran način.
Član 13.
Poslodavac je dužan da donese akt o proceni rizika u pismenoj formi za sva radna mesta u radnoj okolini i da utvrdi način i mere za njihovo otklanjanje.
Poslodavac je dužan da izmeni akt o proceni rizika u slučaju pojave svake nove opasnosti i promene nivoa rizika u procesu rada.
Akt o proceni rizika zasniva se na utvrđivanju mogućih vrsta opasnosti i štetnosti na radnom mestu u radnoj okolini, na osnovu kojih se vrši procena rizika od nastanka povreda i oštećenja zdravlja zaposlenog.
Način i postupak procene rizika na radnom mestu i u radnoj okolini propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Član 14.
Poslodavac je dužan da opštim aktom, odnosno kolektivnim ugovorom, utvrdi prava, obaveze i odgovornosti u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu.
Poslodavac koji ima do deset zaposlenih - prava, obaveze i odgovornosti iz stava 1. ovog člana može utvrditi ugovorom o radu.
Član 15.
Poslodavac je dužan da:
1) aktom u pismenoj formi odredi lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu;
2) zaposlenom odredi obavljanje poslova na kojima su sprovedene mere bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
3) obaveštava zaposlene i njihovog predstavnika o uvođenju novih tehnologija i sredstava za rad, kao i o opasnostima od povreda i oštećenja zdravlja koji nastaju njihovim uvođenjem, odnosno da u takvim slučajevima donese odgovarajuća uputstva za bezbedan rad;
4) osposobljava zaposlene za bezbedan i zdrav rad;
5) obezbedi zaposlenima korišćenje sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu;
6) obezbedi održavanje sredstava za rad i sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu u ispravnom stanju;
7) angažuje pravno lice sa licencom radi sprovođenja preventivnih i periodičnih pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad, kao i preventivnih i periodičnih ispitivanja uslova radne okoline;
8) obezbedi na osnovu akta o proceni rizika i ocene službe medicine rada propisane lekarske preglede zaposlenih u skladu sa ovim zakonom;
9) obezbedi pružanje prve pomoći, kao i da osposobi odgovarajući broj zaposlenih za pružanje prve pomoći, spasavanje i evakuaciju u slučaju opasnosti;
10) zaustavi svaku vrstu rada koji predstavlja neposrednu opasnost za život ili zdravlje zaposlenih.
Postupak i rokove preventivnih i periodičnih pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad kao i preventivnih i periodičnih ispitivanja uslova radne okoline, odnosno hemijskih, bioloških i fizičkih štetnosti (osim jonizujućih zračenja), mikroklime i osvetljenosti propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Pravno lice iz stava 1. tačka 7) ovog člana dužno je da izda stručni nalaz po izvršenom pregledu i ispitivanju opreme za rad ili ispitivanju radne okoline.
Član 16.
Poslodavac je dužan da aktom o proceni rizika, na osnovu ocene službe medicine rada, odredi posebne zdravstvene uslove koje moraju ispunjavati zaposleni za obavljanje određenih poslova na radnom mestu u radnoj okolini ili za upotrebu pojedine opreme za rad.
Poslodavac je dužan da službi medicine rada, koju angažuje, obezbedi uslove za samostalno obavljanje poslova zaštite zdravlja zaposlenih.
Član 17.
Poslodavac je dužan da zaposlenom izda na upotrebu sredstvo i/ili opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu, u skladu sa aktom o proceni rizika.
2. Posebne obaveze
Član 18.
Poslodavac je dužan da, najmanje osam dana pre početka rada, nadležnu inspekciju rada izvesti o:
1) početku svoga rada;
2) radu odvojene jedinice;
3) svakoj promeni tehnološkog postupka, ukoliko se tim promenama menjaju uslovi rada.
Poslodavac koji izvodi radove na izgradnji ili rekonstrukciji građevinskog objekta ili vrši promenu tehnološkog procesa duže od sedam dana, dužan je da izradi propisan elaborat o uređenju gradilišta koji uz izveštaj o početku rada dostavlja nadležnoj inspekciji rada.
Poslodavac je dužan da na gradilištu obezbeđuje, održava i sprovodi mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu u skladu sa elaboratom o uređenju gradilišta.
Sadržaj elaborata o uređenju gradilišta propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Ispunjenost propisanih uslova u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, pre početka obavljanja delatnosti poslodavca, u skladu sa zakonom, utvrđuje ministarstvo nadležno za rad, na zahtev poslodavca.
Postupak utvrđivanja ispunjenosti propisanih uslova iz stava 5. ovog člana propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Visinu troškova postupka utvrđivanja ispunjenosti propisanih uslova iz stava 5. ovog člana sporazumno propisuju ministar nadležan za rad i ministar nadležan za finansije.
Sredstva ostvarena od naplaćenih troškova za utvrđivanje ispunjenosti propisanih uslova iz stava 5. ovog člana prihod su budžeta Republike Srbije.
Član 19.
Kad dva ili više poslodavaca u obavljanju poslova dele radni prostor, dužni su da sarađuju u primeni propisanih mera za bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenih.
Poslodavci iz stava 1. ovog člana dužni su da, uzimajući u obzir prirodu poslova koje obavljaju, koordiniraju aktivnosti u vezi sa primenom mera za otklanjanje rizika od povređivanja, odnosno oštećenja zdravlja zaposlenih, kao i da obaveštavaju jedan drugog i svoje zaposlene i/ili predstavnike zaposlenih o tim rizicima i merama za njihovo otklanjanje.
Način ostvarivanja saradnje iz st. 1. i 2. ovog člana poslodavci utvrđuju pismenim sporazumom.
Sporazumom iz stava 3. ovog člana određuje se lice za koordinaciju sprovođenja zajedničkih mera kojima se obezbeđuje bezbednost i zdravlje svih zaposlenih.
Član 20.
Poslodavac je dužan da preduzme mere za sprečavanje pristupa u krug objekta ili u područje gradilišta licima i sredstvima saobraćaja koja nemaju osnova da se nalaze u njima.
Član 21.
Poslodavac koji za obavljanje svojih poslova angažuje zaposlene kod drugog poslodavca dužan je da za te zaposlene obezbedi propisane mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu u skladu sa ovim zakonom.
Član 22.
Poslodavac je dužan da pri svakoj promeni tehnološkog procesa sredstva za rad prilagodi tom tehnološkom procesu pre početka rada.
Član 23.
Poslodavac je dužan da zaposlenima da na upotrebu sredstva za rad, odnosno sredstva i opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu na kojima su primenjene propisane mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu i da obezbedi kontrolu njihove upotrebe u skladu sa namenom.
Član 24.
Poslodavac može zaposlenima dati na upotrebu opremu za rad, sredstvo i opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu ili opasne materije, samo:
1) ako raspolaže propisanom dokumentacijom na srpskom jeziku za njihovu upotrebu i održavanje, odnosno pakovanje, transport, korišćenje i skladištenje, u kojoj je proizvođač, odnosno isporučilac naveo sve bezbednosno-tehničke podatke, važne za ocenjivanje i otklanjanje rizika na radu;
2) ako je obezbedio sve mere za bezbednost i zdravlje koje su određene tom dokumentacijom, u skladu sa propisima o bezbednosti i zdravlju na radu, tehničkim propisima i standardima.
Izuzetno, kada poslodavac nije u mogućnosti da obezbedi dokumentaciju iz stava 1. tačka 1) ovog člana, dužan je da tu dokumentaciju pribavi od pravnog lica registrovanog za poslove kontrole kvaliteta proizvoda.
Poslodavac je dužan, kada je to potrebno, da obezbedi prevod dokumentacije iz st. 1. i 2. ovog člana na jezik koji zaposleni razume.
Član 25.
Kada zbog uvođenja nove tehnologije nisu propisane mere bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, poslodavac, do donošenja odgovarajućih propisa, primenjuje opšte priznate mere kojima se osigurava bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenih.
Opšte priznatom merom, u smislu stava 1. ovog člana, smatra se mera kojom se može otkloniti opasnost pri radu ili smanjiti štetnost po zdravlje zaposlenog, u meri u kojoj je to razumno izvodljivo.
Član 26.
Ako aktom o proceni rizika utvrdi nedostatke u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu za čije su otklanjanje potrebna veća investiciona ulaganja, a život i zdravlje zaposlenog nisu teže ugroženi, poslodavac je dužan da sačini poseban program o postupnom otklanjanju nedostataka i utvrdi rokove za realizaciju programa.
3. Osposobljavanje zaposlenih
Član 27.
Poslodavac je dužan da izvrši osposobljavanje zaposlenog za bezbedan i zdrav rad kod zasnivanja radnog odnosa, odnosno premeštaja na druge poslove, prilikom uvođenja nove tehnologije ili novih sredstava za rad, kao i kod promene procesa rada koji može prouzrokovati promenu mera za bezbedan i zdrav rad.
Poslodavac je dužan da zaposlenog u toku osposobljavanja za bezbedan i zdrav rad upozna sa svim vrstama rizika na poslovima na koje ga određuje i o konkretnim merama za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu u skladu sa aktom o proceni rizika.
Osposobljavanje iz stava 1. ovog člana poslodavac obezbeđuje u toku radnog vremena, a troškovi osposobljavanja ne mogu biti na teret zaposlenog.
Osposobljavanje za bezbedan i zdrav rad zaposlenog mora da bude prilagođeno specifičnostima njegovog radnog mesta.
Ako poslodavac odredi zaposlenom da istovremeno obavlja poslove na dva ili više radnih mesta, dužan je da zaposlenog osposobi za bezbedan i zdrav rad na svakom od radnih mesta.
Član 28.
Osposobljavanje zaposlenih za bezbedan i zdrav rad poslodavac obavlja teorijski i praktično.
Provera teorijske i praktične osposobljenosti zaposlenog za bezbedan i zdrav rad obavlja se na radnom mestu.
Periodične provere osposobljenosti za bezbedan i zdrav rad zaposlenog koji radi na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom vrše se na način i po postupku utvrđenim aktom o proceni rizika.
Član 29.
Poslodavac kod koga, na osnovu ugovora, sporazuma ili po bilo kom drugom osnovu, obavljaju rad zaposleni drugog poslodavca, dužan je da te zaposlene osposobi za bezbedan i zdrav rad, u skladu sa ovim zakonom.
Član 30.
Kada tehnološki proces rada zahteva dodatno osposobljavanje zaposlenog za bezbedan i zdrav rad, poslodavac je dužan da upozna zaposlenog o obavljanju procesa rada na bezbedan način, putem obaveštavanja, uputstava ili instrukcija u pismenoj formi.
U izuzetnim slučajevima, kada zaposlenom preti neposredna opasnost po život ili zdravlje, zbog hitnosti, obaveštenja, uputstva ili instrukcije mogu se dati u usmenoj formi.
Poslodavac je dužan da obezbedi da zaposlena žena za vreme trudnoće, zaposleni mlađi od 18 godina života i zaposleni sa smanjenom radnom sposobnošću, i pored osposobljavanja za bezbedan i zdrav rad, budu u pismenoj formi obavešteni o rezultatima procene rizika na radnom mestu i o merama kojima se rizici otklanjaju u cilju povećanja bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu.
Član 31.
Poslodavac je dužan da svako lice, koje se po bilo kom osnovu nalazi u radnoj okolini, upozori na opasna mesta ili na štetnosti po zdravlje koje se javljaju u tehnološkom procesu, odnosno na mere bezbednosti koje mora da primeni, i da ga usmeri na bezbedne zone za kretanje.
Poslodavac je dužan da vidno obeleži i istakne oznake za bezbednost i/ili zdravlje radi obaveštavanja i informisanja zaposlenih o rizicima u tehnološkom procesu, pravcima kretanja i dozvoljenim mestima zadržavanja kao i o merama za sprečavanje ili otklanjanje rizika.
Poslodavac je dužan da obezbedi da pristup radnom mestu u radnoj okolini, na kome preti neposredna opasnost od povređivanja ili zdravstvenih oštećenja (trovanja, gušenja, i sl.), imaju samo lica koja su osposobljena za bezbedan i zdrav rad, koja su dobila posebna uputstva za rad na takvom mestu i koja su snabdevena odgovarajućim sredstvima i opremom za ličnu zaštitu na radu.
IV. PRAVA I OBAVEZE ZAPOSLENIH
Član 32.
Zaposleni ima pravo i obavezu da se pre početka rada upozna sa merama bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu na poslovima ili na radnom mestu na koje je određen, kao i da se osposobljava za njihovo sprovođenje.
Zaposleni ima pravo:
1) da poslodavcu daje predloge, primedbe i obaveštenja o pitanjima bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
2) da kontroliše svoje zdravlje prema rizicima radnog mesta, u skladu sa propisima o zdravstvenoj zaštiti.
Zaposleni koji radi na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom, ima pravo i obavezu da obavi lekarski pregled na koji ga upućuje poslodavac.
Zaposleni je dužan da radi na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom, na osnovu izveštaja službe medicine rada, kojim se utvrđuje da je zdravstveno sposoban za rad na tom radnom mestu.
Član 33.
Zaposleni ima pravo da odbije da radi:
1) ako mu preti neposredna opasnost po život i zdravlje zbog toga što nisu sprovedene propisane mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radnom mestu na koje je određen, sve dok se te mere ne obezbede;
2) ako mu poslodavac nije obezbedio propisani lekarski pregled ili ako se na lekarskom pregledu utvrdi da ne ispunjava propisane zdravstvene uslove, u smislu člana 43. ovog zakona, za rad na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom;
3) ako u toku osposobljavanja za bezbedan i zdrav rad nije upoznat sa svim vrstama rizika i merama za njihovo otklanjanje, u smislu člana 27. stav 2. ovog zakona, na poslovima ili na radnom mestu na koje ga je poslodavac odredio;
4) duže od punog radnog vremena, odnosno noću ako bi, prema oceni službe medicine rada, takav rad mogao da pogorša njegovo zdravstveno stanje;
5) na sredstvu za rad na kojem nisu primenjene propisane mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu.
U slučajevima iz stava 1. ovog člana, zaposleni može da se pismenim zahtevom obrati poslodavcu radi preduzimanja mera koje, po mišljenju zaposlenog, nisu sprovedene.
Ako poslodavac ne postupi po zahtevu iz stava 2. ovog člana u roku od osam dana od prijema zahteva, zaposleni ima pravo da podnese zahtev za zaštitu prava inspekciji rada.
Kada zaposleni odbije da radi u slučajevima iz stava 1. ovog člana, a poslodavac smatra da zahtev zaposlenog nije opravdan, poslodavac je dužan da odmah obavesti inspekciju rada.
Član 34.
Kada mu preti neposredna opasnost po život ili zdravlje, zaposleni ima pravo da preduzme odgovarajuće mere, u skladu sa svojim znanjem i tehničkim sredstvima koja mu stoje na raspolaganju i da napusti radno mesto, radni proces, odnosno radnu okolinu.
U slučaju iz stava 1. ovog člana zaposleni nije odgovoran za štetu koju prouzrokuje poslodavcu.
Član 35.
Zaposleni je dužan da primenjuje propisane mere za bezbedan i zdrav rad, da namenski koristi sredstva za rad i opasne materije, da koristi propisana sredstava i opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu i da sa njima pažljivo rukuje, da ne bi ugrozio svoju bezbednost i zdravlje kao i bezbednost i zdravlje drugih lica.
Zaposleni je dužan da pre početka rada pregleda svoje radno mesto uključujući i sredstva za rad koja koristi, kao i sredstva i opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu, i da u slučaju uočenih nedostataka izvesti poslodavca ili drugo ovlašćeno lice.
Pre napuštanja radnog mesta zaposleni je dužan da radno mesto i sredstva za rad ostavi u stanju da ne ugrožavaju druge zaposlene.
Član 36.
Zaposleni je dužan da, u skladu sa svojim saznanjima, odmah obavesti poslodavca o nepravilnostima, štetnostima, opasnostima ili drugoj pojavi koja bi na radnom mestu mogla da ugrozi njegovu bezbednost i zdravlje ili bezbednost i zdravlje drugih zaposlenih.
Ako poslodavac posle dobijenog obaveštenja iz stava 1. ovog člana ne otkloni nepravilnosti, štetnosti, opasnosti ili druge pojave u roku od osam dana ili ako zaposleni smatra da za otklanjanje utvrđenih pojava nisu sprovedene odgovarajuće mere za bezbednost i zdravlje, zaposleni se može obratiti nadležnoj inspekciji rada, o čemu obaveštava lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu.
Zaposleni je dužan da sarađuje sa poslodavcem i licem za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, kako bi se sprovele propisane mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na poslovima na kojima radi.
V. ORGANIZOVANJE POSLOVA BEZBEDNOSTI I ZDRAVLJA NA RADU
Član 37.
Poslodavac je dužan da organizuje poslove za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu.
Poslove bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu može da obavlja lice koje ima položen stručni ispit u skladu sa ovim zakonom.
Poslove bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu poslodavac može da obavlja sam u delatnostima trgovine, ugostiteljstva i turizma, zanatskih i ličnih usluga, finansijsko-tehničkih i poslovnih usluga, obrazovanja, nauke i informacija, zdravstvene i socijalne zaštite i u stambeno-komunalnim delatnostima, ako ima do deset zaposlenih i nije dužan da ima položen stručni ispit iz stava 2. ovog člana.
Za obavljanje poslova bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu poslodavac može da odredi jednog ili više od svojih zaposlenih ili da angažuje pravno lice, odnosno preduzetnika koji imaju licencu (u daljem tekstu: lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu).
Poslodavac odlučuje o načinu organizovanja poslova za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu u zavisnosti od:
1) tehnološkog procesa,
2) organizacije, prirode i obima procesa rada,
3) broja zaposlenih koji učestvuju u procesu rada,
4) broja radnih smena,
5) procenjenih rizika,
6) broja lokacijski odvojenih jedinica,
7) vrste delatnosti.
Član 38.
Poslodavac je dužan da omogući licu za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu nezavisno i samostalno obavljanje poslova u skladu sa ovim zakonom i pristup svim potrebnim podacima u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu.
Lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu neposredno je odgovorno poslodavcu kod koga obavlja te poslove i ne može da trpi štetne posledice ako svoj posao obavlja u skladu sa ovim zakonom.
Poslodavac je dužan da obezbedi usavršavanje znanja u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu zaposlenom koga odredi za obavljanje tih poslova.
Član 39.
Poslodavac koji za obavljanje poslova bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu angažuje pravno lice ili preduzetnika dužan je da ih prethodno upozna sa tehnološkim procesom, rizicima u procesu rada i merama za otklanjanje rizika.
Član 40.
Lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu obavlja poslove u skladu sa ovim zakonom, a naročito:
1) učestvuje u pripremi akta o proceni rizika;
2) vrši kontrolu i daje savete poslodavcu u planiranju, izboru, korišćenju i održavanju sredstava za rad, opasnih materija i sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu;
3) učestvuje u opremanju i uređivanju radnog mesta u cilju obezbeđivanja bezbednih i zdravih uslova rada;
4) organizuje preventivna i periodična ispitivanja uslova radne okoline;
5) organizuje preventivne i periodične preglede i ispitivanja opreme za rad;
6) predlaže mere za poboljšanje uslova rada, naročito na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom;
7) svakodnevno prati i kontroliše primenu mera za bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenih na radu;
8) prati stanje u vezi sa povredama na radu i profesionalnim oboljenjima, kao i bolestima u vezi sa radom, učestvuje u utvrđivanju njihovih uzroka i priprema izveštaje sa predlozima mera za njihovo otklanjanje;
9) priprema i sprovodi osposobljavanje zaposlenih za bezbedan i zdrav rad;
10) priprema uputstva za bezbedan rad i kontroliše njihovu primenu;
11) zabranjuje rad na radnom mestu ili upotrebu sredstva za rad, u slučaju kada utvrdi neposrednu opasnost po život ili zdravlje zaposlenog;
12) sarađuje i koordinira rad sa službom medicine rada po svim pitanjima u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
13) vodi evidencije u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu kod poslodavca.
Lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu dužno je da u pismenoj formi izvesti poslodavca i predstavnika zaposlenih o zabrani rada iz stava 1. tačka 11) ovog člana.
Ako poslodavac, i pored zabrane rada u smislu stava 1. tačka 11) ovog člana, naloži zaposlenom da nastavi rad, lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu dužno je da o tome odmah izvesti nadležnu inspekciju rada.
Član 41.
Za obavljanje poslova zaštite zdravlja zaposlenih na radu poslodavac angažuje službu medicine rada.
Služba medicine rada iz stava 1. ovog člana dužna je da obavlja poslove u skladu sa ovim zakonom, a naročito:
1) učestvuje u identifikaciji i proceni rizika na radnom mestu i radnoj okolini prilikom sastavljanja akta o proceni rizika;
2) upoznaje zaposlene sa rizicima po zdravlje koji su povezani sa njihovim radom i obavlja poslove osposobljavanja zaposlenih za pružanje prve pomoći;
3) utvrđuje i ispituje uzroke nastanka profesionalnih oboljenja i bolesti u vezi sa radom;
4) ocenjuje i utvrđuje posebne zdravstvene sposobnosti koje moraju da ispunjavaju zaposleni za obavljanje određenih poslova na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom ili za upotrebu, odnosno rukovanje određenom opremom za rad;
5) vrši prethodne i periodične lekarske preglede zaposlenih na radnim mestima sa povećanim rizikom i izdaje izveštaje o lekarskim pregledima u skladu sa propisima o bezbednosti i zdravlju na radu;
6) učestvuje u organizovanju prve pomoći, spasavanju i evakuaciji u slučaju povređivanja zaposlenih ili havarija;
7) daje savete poslodavcu pri izboru drugog odgovarajućeg posla prema zdravstvenoj sposobnosti zaposlenog;
8) savetuje poslodavca u izboru i testiranju novih sredstava za rad, opasnih materija i sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu, sa zdravstvenog aspekta;
9) učestvuje u analizi povreda na radu, profesionalnih oboljenja i bolesti u vezi sa radom;
10) neposredno sarađuje sa licem za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu.
Prethodne i periodične lekarske preglede zaposlenih u smislu stava 2. tačka 5) ovog člana može da vrši služba medicine rada koja ima propisanu opremu, prostorije i stručni kadar.
Član 42.
Lični podaci prikupljeni u vezi sa lekarskim pregledima zaposlenog poverljive su prirode i pod nadzorom su službe medicine rada, koja vrši te preglede.
Podaci o povredama na radu, profesionalnim oboljenjima i bolestima u vezi sa radom dostavljaju se organizacijama zdravstvenog i penzijskog i invalidskog osiguranja u skladu sa zakonom.
Podaci iz stava 2. ovog člana mogu se dostavljati drugim licima, samo uz pismenu saglasnost zaposlenog.
Izveštaj o lekarskom pregledu zaposlenog dostavlja se poslodavcu na način kojim se ne narušava princip poverljivosti ličnih podataka.
Nije dozvoljeno korišćenje podataka prikupljenih po osnovu lekarskih pregleda zaposlenih u svrhu diskriminacije zaposlenih.
Član 43.
Poslodavac je dužan da zaposlenom na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom pre početka rada obezbedi prethodni lekarski pregled, kao i periodični lekarski pregled u toku rada.
Prethodni i periodični lekarski pregledi zaposlenih na radnim mestima sa povećanim rizikom vrše se na način, po postupku i u rokovima utvrđenim propisima o bezbednosti i zdravlju na radu koje sporazumno propisuju ministar nadležan za rad i ministar nadležan za zdravlje.
Ako se u postupku periodičnog lekarskog pregleda utvrdi da zaposleni ne ispunjava posebne zdravstvene uslove za obavljanje poslova na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom, poslodavac je dužan da ga premesti na drugo radno mesto koje odgovara njegovim zdravstvenim sposobnostima.
Neispunjavanje posebnih zdravstvenih uslova za rad na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom ne može biti razlog za otkaz ugovora o radu.
VI. PREDSTAVNIK ZAPOSLENIH ZA BEZBEDNOST I ZDRAVLJE NA RADU
Član 44.
Zaposleni kod poslodavca imaju pravo da izaberu jednog ili više predstavnika za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu (u daljem tekstu: predstavnik zaposlenih).
Najmanje tri predstavnika zaposlenih obrazuju Odbor za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu (u daljem tekstu: Odbor).
Poslodavac koji ima 50 i više zaposlenih dužan je da u Odbor imenuje najmanje jednog svog predstavnika, tako da broj predstavnika zaposlenih bude veći za najmanje jedan od broja predstavnika poslodavca.
Postupak izbora i način rada predstavnika zaposlenih i Odbora, broj predstavnika zaposlenih kod poslodavca, kao i njihov odnos sa sindikatom uređuju se kolektivnim ugovorom.
Član 45.
Poslodavac je dužan da predstavniku zaposlenih, odnosno Odboru omogući:
1) uvid u sve akte koji se odnose na bezbednost i zdravlje na radu;
2) da učestvuju u razmatranju svih pitanja koja se odnose na sprovođenje bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu.
Poslodavac je dužan da predstavnika zaposlenih, odnosno Odbor informiše o svim podacima koji se odnose na bezbednost i zdravlje na radu.
Član 46.
Predstavnik zaposlenih, odnosno Odbor imaju pravo:
1) da poslodavcu daju predloge o svim pitanjima koja se odnose na bezbednost i zdravlje na radu;
2) da zahtevaju od poslodavca da preduzme odgovarajuće mere za otklanjanje ili smanjenje rizika koji ugrožava bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenih;
3) da zahtevaju vršenje nadzora od strane inspekcije rada, ako smatraju da poslodavac nije sproveo odgovarajuće mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu.
Predstavnik zaposlenih, odnosno član Odbora imaju pravo da prisustvuju inspekcijskom nadzoru.
Član 47.
Poslodavac je dužan da predstavnika zaposlenih, odnosno Odbor upozna:
1) sa nalazima i predlozima ili preduzetim merama inspekcije rada;
2) sa izveštajima o povredama na radu, profesionalnim oboljenjima i oboljenjima u vezi sa radom i o preduzetim merama za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu;
3) o preduzetim merama za sprečavanje neposredne opasnosti po život i zdravlje.
Član 48.
Poslodavac i predstavnik zaposlenih, odnosno Odbor i sindikat, dužni su da međusobno sarađuju o pitanjima bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, u skladu sa ovim zakonom i drugim propisima.
VII. EVIDENCIJA, SARADNJA I IZVEŠTAVANJE
Član 49.
Poslodavac je dužan da vodi i čuva evidencije o:
1) radnim mestima sa povećanim rizikom;
2) zaposlenima raspoređenim na radna mesta sa povećanim rizikom i lekarskim pregledima zaposlenih raspoređenih na ta radna mesta;
3) povredama na radu, profesionalnim oboljenjima i bolestima u vezi sa radom;
4) zaposlenima osposobljenim za bezbedan i zdrav rad;
5) opasnim materijama koje koristi u toku rada;
6) izvršenim ispitivanjima radne okoline;
7) izvršenim pregledima i ispitivanjima opreme za rad i sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu;
8) prijavama iz člana 50. ovog zakona.
Način vođenja evidencija iz stava 1. ovog člana propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Član 50.
Poslodavac je dužan da odmah, a najkasnije u roku od 24 časa od nastanka, usmeno i u pismenoj formi prijavi nadležnoj inspekciji rada i nadležnom organu za unutrašnje poslove svaku smrtnu, kolektivnu ili tešku povredu na radu, povredu na radu zbog koje zaposleni nije sposoban za rad više od tri uzastopna radna dana, kao i opasnu pojavu koja bi mogla da ugrozi bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenih.
Poslodavac je dužan da, najkasnije u roku od tri uzastopna radna dana od dana saznanja, prijavi nadležnoj inspekciji rada profesionalno oboljenje, odnosno oboljenje u vezi sa radom zaposlenog.
Član 51.
Izveštaj o povredi na radu, profesionalnom oboljenju i oboljenju u vezi sa radom koji se dogode na radnom mestu, poslodavac dostavlja zaposlenom koji je pretrpeo povredu, odnosno oboljenje i organizacijama nadležnim za zdravstveno i penzijsko i invalidsko osiguranje.
Sadržaj i način izdavanja obrasca izveštaja iz stava 1. ovog člana propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Poslodavac je dužan da na zahtev inspektora rada ili predstavnika zaposlenih dostavi izveštaj o stanju bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu zaposlenih, kao i o sprovedenim merama.
Član 52.
Poslodavci, sindikati, osiguravajuća društva, organizacije nadležne za zdravstveno i penzijsko i invalidsko osiguranje dužni su da sarađuju i učestvuju u donošenju zajedničkih stavova o pitanjima unapređivanja bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, kao i da se staraju o razvoju i unapređivanju opšte kulture bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, u skladu sa ovim zakonom.
Organizacije nadležne za zdravstveno i penzijsko i invalidsko osiguranje dužne su da ministarstvu nadležnom za rad dostave podatke o povredama na radu, profesionalnim oboljenjima, oboljenjima u vezi sa radom i invalidima rada najmanje jednom godišnje i to najkasnije do 31. januara naredne godine za prethodnu godinu, a na zahtev ministarstva nadležnog za rad i u kraćem roku.
Član 53.
Poslodavac je dužan da zaposlene osigura od povreda na radu, profesionalnih oboljenja i oboljenja u vezi sa radom, radi obezbeđivanja naknade štete.
Finansijska sredstva za osiguranje iz stava 1. ovog člana padaju na teret poslodavca, a određuju se u zavisnosti od nivoa rizika od povređivanja, profesionalnog oboljenja ili oboljenja u vezi sa radom na radnom mestu i radnoj okolini.
Uslovi i postupci osiguranja od povreda na radu, profesionalnih oboljenja i oboljenja u vezi sa radom zaposlenih uređuju se zakonom.
VIII. STRUČNI ISPIT I IZDAVANJE LICENCI
Član 54.
Za obavljanje poslova za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu i poslova odgovornog lica polaže se odgovarajući stručni ispit.
Stručni ispit iz stava 1. ovog člana polaže se pred odgovarajućom komisijom koju obrazuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Program, način i visinu troškova polaganja stručnog ispita iz stava 1. ovog člana propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Sredstva ostvarena od naplaćenih troškova za polaganje stručnog ispita iz stava 1. ovog člana prihod su budžeta Republike Srbije.
Član 55.
Ministar nadležan za rad rešenjem izdaje licencu:
1) pravnom licu ili preduzetniku za obavljanje poslova bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu iz člana 40. ovog zakona;
2) pravnom licu za obavljanje poslova pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad i ispitivanja uslova radne okoline;
3) odgovornom licu u pravnom licu iz tačke 2) ovog člana.
Član 56.
Licencu za obavljanje poslova u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, iz člana 40. ovog zakona, može da dobije pravno lice, odnosno preduzetnik koji ima zaposlenog sa visokom školskom spremom odgovarajuće struke, položenim stručnim ispitom iz člana 54. ovog zakona i najmanje tri godine radnog iskustva na tim poslovima.
Licencu za obavljanje poslova pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad i ispitivanja uslova radne okoline može da dobije pravno lice koje ispunjava propisane uslove u pogledu obezbeđivanja odgovarajućih stručnih kadrova, tehničke opreme, metodologije vršenja određenih pregleda i ispitivanja i koje ima zaposleno odgovorno lice.
Licencu za obavljanje poslova odgovornog lica može da dobije lice sa visokom školskom spremom odgovarajuće struke, položenim stručnim ispitom iz člana 54. ovog zakona i najmanje tri godine radnog iskustva na tim poslovima.
Uslove i visinu troškova za izdavanje licence iz st. 1. do 3. ovog člana propisuje ministar nadležan za rad.
Sredstva ostvarena od naplaćenih troškova za izdavanje licence iz st. 1. do 3. ovog člana prihod su budžeta Republike Srbije.
Član 57.
Ministar nadležan za rad može rešenjem oduzeti licencu:
1) pravnom licu ili preduzetniku za obavljanje poslova bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, iz člana 55. tačka 1) ovog zakona, ako utvrdi da poslove obavlja suprotno zakonu;
2) pravnom licu za obavljanje poslova pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad i ispitivanja uslova radne okoline, iz člana 55. tačka 2) ovog zakona, ako utvrdi da poslove obavlja suprotno zakonu;
3) odgovornom licu iz člana 55. tačka 3) ovog zakona ako utvrdi da nesavesno i nestručno obavlja poslove za koje mu je licenca izdata.
Član 58.
Protiv rešenja iz čl. 55. i 57. ovog zakona nije dozvoljena žalba, ali se može pokrenuti upravni spor.
IX. UPRAVA ZA BEZBEDNOST I ZDRAVLJE NA RADU
Član 59.
U sastavu ministarstva nadležnog za rad obrazuje se Uprava za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, koja obavlja poslove državne uprave sa ciljem unapređivanja i razvoja bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, odnosno smanjenja povreda na radu, profesionalnih oboljenja i oboljenja u vezi sa radom (u daljem tekstu: Uprava).
Član 60.
Uprava obavlja sledeće poslove:
1) priprema propise u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, kao i mišljenja za njihovu primenu;
2) priprema stručne osnove za izradu nacionalnog programa razvoja bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu i prati njegovo ostvarivanje;
3) prati i ocenjuje stanje bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu i priprema stavove za jedinstveno uređivanje mera bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu koje su predmet ovog zakona i drugih propisa;
4) istražuje i podstiče razvoj u oblasti humanizacije rada;
5) pruža stručnu pomoć u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja zaposlenih;
6) priprema metodologije za obavljanje poslova pregleda i ispitivanja u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
7) proučava uzroke i pojave koji za posledicu imaju povrede na radu, profesionalne bolesti i bolesti u vezi sa radom;
8) organizuje polaganje stručnih ispita iz člana 54. ovog zakona, o čemu vodi evidenciju;
9) vrši nadzor nad zakonitošću rada pravnih lica i preduzetnika kao i odgovornih lica sa licencom i priprema predloge rešenja za izdavanje i oduzimanje licenci iz čl. 55. i 57. ovog zakona, o čemu vodi evidenciju;
10) prikuplja i analizira podatke o povredama na radu, profesionalnim oboljenjima, bolestima u vezi sa radom i pojavama koje utiču na zdravlje zaposlenih;
11) obavlja informaciono-dokumentacionu delatnost u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja zaposlenih;
12) organizuje savetovanja, vrši edukaciju zaposlenih, poslodavaca, lica za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, inspektora i dr., objavljuje različite materijale i informiše javnost o stanju u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
13) stara se o primeni međunarodnih akata u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
14) podstiče obrazovanje i razvijanje kulture rada u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu;
15) obavlja druge poslove određene zakonom.
X. NADZOR
Član 61.
Inspekcijski nadzor nad primenom ovog zakona, propisa donetih na osnovu ovog zakona, tehničkih i drugih mera koje se odnose na bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, kao i nad primenom mera o bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu propisanim opštim aktom poslodavca, kolektivnim ugovorom ili ugovorom o radu, vrši ministarstvo nadležno za rad preko inspektora rada.
Član 62.
Poslove inspekcijskog nadzora u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu mogu da obavljaju inspektori rada koji imaju visoku stručnu spremu, najmanje tri godine radnog iskustva u struci i položen stručni ispit za rad u organima državne uprave.
Izuzetno, poslove inspekcijskog nadzora u oblasti trgovine, ugostiteljstva i turizma, zanatskih i ličnih usluga, finansijsko-tehničkih i poslovnih usluga, obrazovanja, nauke i informacija, zdravstvene i socijalne zaštite, u stambeno-komunalnim delatnostima, kao i poslove utvrđivanja ispunjenosti propisanih uslova iz bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, mogu da obavljaju inspektori rada koji imaju višu stručnu spremu odgovarajućeg smera, položen stručni ispit za rad u organima državne uprave i najmanje tri godine radnog iskustva u struci.
Član 63.
U postupku inspekcijskog nadzora inspektor rada ima pravo i dužnost da preduzima radnje kojima se kontrolišu bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, a naročito higijena i uslovi rada, proizvodnja, stavljanje u promet, korišćenje i održavanje sredstava za rad, sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu, opasne materije i dr., kao i da:
1) pregleda opšte i pojedinačne akte, evidencije i drugu dokumentaciju;
2) sasluša i uzima izjave od odgovornih i zainteresovanih lica;
3) pregleda poslovne prostorije, objekte, postrojenja, uređaje, sredstva i opremu za ličnu zaštitu, predmete i robu i sl.;
4) uzima uzorke radi analize, ekspertiza i sl.;
5) naređuje merenja koja obavlja druga stručna organizacija kad poslodavac samostalno ili preko određene stručne organizacije vrši merenja u odgovarajućim oblastima, a rezultati izvršenog merenja pružaju osnov za to;
6) poslodavcima, zaposlenim, njihovim predstavnicima i sindikatu daje obaveštenja i savete u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, kao i o merama čijom primenom se obezbeđuje izvršavanje ovog zakona na najefikasniji način;
7) u skladu sa podnetim zahtevom, poslodavca i zaposlenog ili predstavnika zaposlenih obavesti o izvršenom inspekcijskom nadzoru i utvrđenom stanju;
8) preduzima druge radnje za koje je ovlašćen drugim propisom.
Član 64.
Poslodavac je dužan da, radi vršenja nadzora, omogući inspektoru rada:
1) ulazak u objekte i prostorije, u svako doba kada ima zaposlenih na radu;
2) odredi najmanje jednog zaposlenog koji će inspektoru pružati potrebne informacije i obaveštenja, davati podatke, akte i dokumentaciju;
3) uvid u dokaze o stabilnosti objekta;
4) uvid u primenjene mere bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu na sredstvima za rad i u radnoj okolini;
5) uvid u sredstva i opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu;
6) uvid u podatke i evidencije o proizvodnji, korišćenju i skladištenju opasnih materija.
Član 65.
Inspektor rada dužan je da izvrši nadzor odmah, nakon prijave poslodavca o svakoj smrtnoj, teškoj ili kolektivnoj povredi na radu, kao i opasnoj pojavi koja bi mogla da ugrozi bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, odnosno odmah po prijemu zahteva, odnosno obaveštenja iz člana 33. st. 3. i 4. ovog zakona.
Član 66.
Inspektor rada dužan je da poslodavcu, odnosno zaposlenom naloži preduzimanje mera i radnji za otklanjanje uzroka koji su izazvali povrede, doveli do nastanka opasnosti po bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, odnosno koje mogu sprečiti nastanak povrede i umanjiti ili otkloniti opasnosti po bezbednost ili zdravlje na radu.
Inspektor rada je dužan da, za vreme trajanja okolnosti koje dovode do ugrožavanja bezbednosti i zdravlja zaposlenog, zabrani rad na radnom mestu kod poslodavca, a naročito kad utvrdi:
1) da su neposredno ugroženi bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenog;
2) da se koristi sredstvo za rad na kome nisu primenjene mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu;
3) da se ne koriste propisana sredstva i oprema za ličnu zaštitu na radu;
4) da zaposleni radi na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom, a ne ispunjava propisane uslove za rad na tom radnom mestu, kao i ako se nije podvrgao lekarskom pregledu u propisanom roku;
5) da zaposleni nije osposobljen za bezbedan rad na radnom mestu na kom radi;
6) da poslodavac nije sproveo mere ili izvršio radnje koje mu je, radi otklanjanja uzroka koji dovode do ugrožavanja bezbednosti i zdravlja zaposlenog, naložio inspektor rada.
Ako primena mera, odnosno potreba za usaglašavanjem sa propisanim merama zaštite bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu predstavlja nedostatak za čije su otklanjanje potrebna veća investiciona ulaganja, a život i zdravlje zaposlenih nisu teže ugroženi, inspektor rada može naložiti poslodavcu da sačini poseban program o postupnom otklanjanju nedostataka sa utvrđenim rokovima za njihovo otklanjanje.
Inspektor rada može da naloži da se sprovede i opšte priznata mera kojom se može otkloniti opasnost pri radu ili smanjiti rizik po zdravlja zaposlenog, u meri u kojoj je to moguće.
Član 67.
Preduzimanje mera i radnji čijom primenom i izvršavanjem se, u skladu sa odredbama ovog zakona, obezbeđuje zaštita bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu zaposlenih - inspektor rada nalaže rešenjem.
Protiv rešenja inspektora rada može se izjaviti žalba ministru nadležnom za rad, u roku od osam dana od dana dostavljanja rešenja.
Žalba ne odlaže izvršenje rešenja kojim je naređena zabrana rada.
Rešenje ministra nadležnog za rad, doneto povodom žalbe, konačno je u upravnom postupku i protiv njega se može pokrenuti upravni spor.
Član 68.
Poslodavac je dužan da, u roku koji odredi inspektor rada, preduzme naložene mere i otkloni utvrđene nedostatke ili nepravilnosti.
Poslodavac je dužan da u roku od osam dana od isteka roka za otklanjanje utvrđenog nedostatka ili nepravilnosti, obavesti u pismenoj formi, nadležnu inspekciju o izvršenju naložene obaveze.
XI. KAZNENE ODREDBE
Član 69.
Novčanom kaznom od 800.000 do 1.000.000 dinara, kazniće se za prekršaj poslodavac sa svojstvom pravnog lica:
1) ako zaposlenom ne obezbedi rad na radnom mestu i u radnoj okolini na/i u kojima su sprovedene mere bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu (član 9. stav 1);
2) ako prilikom organizovanja rada i radnog procesa ne obezbedi preventivne mere radi zaštite života i zdravlja zaposlenih, kao i ako za njihovu primenu ne obezbedi potrebna finansijska sredstva (član 11. stav 1);
3) ako u pismenoj formi ne donese akt o proceni rizika za sva radna mesta u radnoj okolini i ne utvrdi način i mere za otklanjanje rizika, kao i kada ne izmeni akt o proceni rizika u slučaju pojave svake nove opasnosti i promene nivoa rizika u procesu rada (član 13. st. 1. i 2);
4) ako opštim aktom, odnosno kolektivnim ugovorom ili ugovorom o radu ne utvrdi prava, obaveze i odgovornosti u oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu (član 14);
5) ako pismenim aktom ne odredi lice za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu (član 15. stav 1. tačka 1);
6) ako zaposlenom odredi da obavlja poslove na kojima nisu sprovedene mere bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu (član 15. stav 1. tačka 2);
7) ako zaposlene i njihovog predstavnika ne obaveštava o uvođenju novih tehnologija i sredstava za rad, kao i opasnostima od povreda i oštećenja zdravlja koji nastaju njihovim uvođenjem, odnosno ako u takvim slučajevima ne donese odgovarajuća uputstva za bezbedan rad (član 15. stav 1. tačka 3);
8) ako ne izvrši osposobljavanje zaposlenog za bezbedan i zdrav rad (član 15. stav 1. tačka 4, čl. 27, 28. i 29);
9) ako zaposlenom ne obezbedi korišćenje sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu (član 15. stav 1. tačka 5);
10) ako ne obezbedi održavanje u ispravnom stanju sredstava za rad i sredstava i opreme za ličnu zaštitu na radu (član 15. stav 1. tačka 6);
11) ako ne angažuje pravno lice sa licencom radi sprovođenja preventivnih i periodičnih pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad, kao i preventivnih i periodičnih ispitivanja uslova radne okoline (član 15. stav 1. tačka 7);
12) ako na osnovu akta o proceni rizika i ocene službe medicine rada ne obezbedi u skladu sa ovim zakonom propisane lekarske preglede zaposlenih (član 15. stav 1. tačka 8);
13) ako ne obezbedi pružanje prve pomoći, kao i ako ne osposobi odgovarajući broj zaposlenih za pružanje prve pomoći, spasavanje i evakuaciju u slučaju opasnosti (član 15. stav 1. tačka 9);
14) ako ne zaustavi svaku vrstu rada koji predstavlja neposrednu opasnost za život ili zdravlje zaposlenih (član 15. stav 1. tačka 10);
15) ako na osnovu ocene službe medicine rada aktom o proceni rizika ne odredi posebne zdravstvene uslove koje moraju ispunjavati zaposleni za obavljanje određenih poslova na radnom mestu u radnoj okolini ili za upotrebu pojedine opreme za rad (član 16. stav 1);
16) ako službi medicine rada, koju angažuje, ne obezbedi uslove za samostalno obavljanje poslova zaštite zdravlja zaposlenih (član 16. stav 2);
17) ako zaposlenom ne izda na upotrebu sredstvo i/ili opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu u skladu sa aktom o proceni rizika (član 17);
18) ako najmanje osam dana pre početka rada ne izvesti nadležnu inspekciju rada o početku svoga rada, radu odvojene jedinice ili svakoj promeni tehnološkog postupka, ukoliko se tim promenama menjaju uslovi rada (član 18. stav 1);
19) ako za radove na izgradnji ili rekonstrukciji građevinskog objekta, odnosno promeni tehnološkog procesa, koje izvodi duže od sedam dana, ne izradi propisan elaborat o uređenju gradilišta i ako isti ne dostavi nadležnoj inspekciji rada uz izveštaj o početku rada (član 18. stav 2);
20) ako sa drugim poslodavcem, sa kojim deli radni prostor u obavljanju poslova, ne zaključi sporazum o primeni propisanih mera za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu zaposlenih i ne odredi lice za koordinaciju sprovođenja zajedničkih mera kojim se obezbeđuje bezbednost i zdravlje svih zaposlenih (član 19);
21) ako ne obezbedi propisane mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, u skladu sa ovim zakonom, za zaposlene koje angažuje od drugog poslodavca (član 21);
22) ako pri promeni tehnološkog procesa rada, pre početka rada, ne prilagodi sredstva za rad novom tehnološkom procesu (član 22);
23) ako zaposlenom da na upotrebu sredstvo za rad, odnosno sredstvo i opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu na kojima nisu primenjene propisane mere za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu ili ako ne obezbedi kontrolu njihove namenske upotrebe (član 23 );
24) ako zaposlenom da na upotrebu opremu za rad, sredstava i opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu ili opasne materije za koje ne raspolaže sa propisanom dokumentacijom na srpskom jeziku za njihovu upotrebu, ili ako nije obezbedio sve mere za bezbednost i zdravlje koje su određene tom dokumentacijom (član 24. st. 1. i 2);
25) ako ne sačini poseban program o postupnom otklanjanju nedostataka koji su utvrđeni aktom o proceni rizika, odnosno ako ne utvrdi rokove za realizaciju programa (član 26);
26) ako ne organizuje poslove bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, odnosno ako za obavljanje tih poslova odredi lice koje nema, u skladu sa ovim zakonom, položen stručni ispit (član 37. st. 1. i 2);
27) ako za obavljanje poslova bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu angažuje pravno lice ili preduzetnika koji nemaju odgovarajuću licencu (član 37. stav 4);
28) ako zaposlenom na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom ne obezbedi prethodni, odnosno periodični lekarski pregled (član 43. stav 1);
29) ako zaposlenog koji obavlja poslove na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom, za koga se u postupku periodičnog lekarskog pregleda utvrdi da ne ispunjava propisane zdravstvene uslove za obavljanje poslova na radnom mestu sa povećanim rizikom, ne premesti na drugo radno mesto koje odgovara njegovim zdravstvenim sposobnostima (član 43. stav 3);
30) ako odmah, a najkasnije u roku od 24 časa od nastanka, usmeno i u pismenoj formi ne prijavi nadležnoj inspekciji rada i nadležnom organu za unutrašnje poslove svaku smrtnu, kolektivnu ili tešku povredu na radu, povredu na radu zbog koje zaposleni nije sposoban za rad više od tri uzastopna radna dana, ili opasnu pojavu koja bi mogla da ugrozi bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenih (član 50. stav 1);
31) ako najkasnije u roku od tri uzastopna radna dana od dana saznanja, nadležnoj inspekciji rada ne prijavi profesionalno obolenje, odnosno obolenje zaposlenog u vezi sa radom (član 50. stav 2);
32) ako inspektoru rada ne omogući vršenje nadzora, odnosno ulazak u objekte i prostorije u svako doba kada ima zaposlenih na radu, ili ako ne odredi najmanje jednog zaposlenog koji će inspektoru rada pružati potrebne informacije i obaveštavanja, ili ako inspektoru rada ne omogući uvid u dokaze o stabilnosti objekta, akte i dokumentaciju, primenjene mere bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu na sredstvima za rad, opremu za ličnu zaštitu na radu ili u podatke i evidencije o korišćenju i skladištenju opasnih materija (član 64);
33) ako u određenom roku ne otkloni utvrđene nedostatke i nepravilnosti čije otklanjanje je rešenjem naredio inspektor rada (član 68. stav 1).
Novčanom kaznom od 400.000 do 500.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. ovog člana poslodavac koji je privatni preduzetnik.
Novčanom kaznom od 40.000 do 50.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. ovog člana direktor, odnosno drugo odgovorno lice kod poslodavca.
Član 70.
Novčanom kaznom od 600.000 do 800.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj poslodavac sa svojstvom pravanog lica:
1) ako ne preduzme mere da spreči pristup u krug objekta ili u područje gradilišta neovlašćenim licima i sredstvima saobraćaja (član 20);
2) ako zaposlenog, na način utvrđen ovim zakonom, ne upozna o obavljanju procesa rada na bezbedan način, kada tehnološki proces rada zahteva dodatno osposobljavanje za bezbedan i zdrav rad (član 30. st. 1. i 2);
3) ako zaposlenoj ženi za vreme trudnoće, zaposlenom mlađem od 18 godina života i zaposlenom sa smanjenom radnom sposobnošću ne obezbedi pismeno obaveštenje o rezultatima procene rizika na radnom mestu na koje su određeni, kao i merama kojima se rizici otklanjaju (član 30. stav 3);
4) ako svako lice, koje se po bilo kom osnovu nalazi u radnoj okolini, ne upozori na opasna mesta i štetnosti po zdravlje koje se javljaju u tehnološkom procesu, odnosno na mere bezbednosti koje mora da primeni, kao i ako ga ne usmeri na bezbedne zone kretanja (član 31. stav 1);
5) ako vidno ne obeleži i istakne oznake za bezbednost i/ili zdravlje zaposlenih ( član 31. stav 2);
6) ako dozvoli pristup radnom mestu u radnoj okolini na kome preti neposredna opasnost od povređivanja ili zdravstvenih oštećenja, licima koja nisu osposobljena za bezbedan i zdrav rad, koja nisu dobila posebna uputstva za rad na takvim mestima ili koja nisu snabdevena odgovarajućim sredstvima i opremom za ličnu zaštitu na radu (član 31. stav 3);
7) ako ne obavesti nadležanu inspekciju rada kad zaposleni odbije da radi u slučajevima utvrđenim članom 33. stav 1. ovog zakona (član 33. stav 4);
8) ako licu koje obavlja poslove bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu ne omogući nezavisno i samostalno obavljanje poslova u skladu sa ovim zakonom i pristup svim potrebnim podacima iz oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu (član 38. stav 1);
9) ako prethodno ne upozna pravno lice, odnosno preduzetnika koga angažuje za obavljanje poslova bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu sa tehnološkim procesom, rizicima u procesu rada i merama za otklanjanje rizika (član 39);
10) ako zaposlenima ne omogući da biraju svog predstavnika za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu ili ne imenuje svog predstavnika (član 44);
11) ako predstavniku zaposlenih, odnosno Odboru ne omogući uvid u sva akta vezana za bezbednost i zdravlje zaposlenih i da učestvuju u razmatranju svih pitanja koja se odnose na sprovođenje bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu (član 45. stav 1);
12) ako ne upozna predstavnika zaposlenih, odnosno Odbor sa nalazima i predlozima ili preduzetim merama inspekcije rada, ili sa izveštajima o povredama na radu, profesionalnim oboljenjima i oboljenjima u vezi sa radom i o preduzetim merama za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, ili sa merama preduzetim za sprečavanje neposredne opasnosti po život i zdravlje (član 47);
13) ako ne vodi i ne čuva propisane evidencije (član 49);
14) ako na zahtev inspektora rada ili predstavnika zaposlenih ne dostavi izveštaj o stanju bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu zaposlenih, kao i o sprovedenim merama u ovoj oblasti (član 51. stav 3).
Novčanom kaznom od 200.000 do 300.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. ovog člana poslodavac koji je privatni preduzetnik.
Novčanom kaznom od 30.000 do 40.000 kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. ovog člana direktor, odnosno drugo odgovorno lice kod poslodavca.
Član 71.
Novčanom kaznom od 100.000 do 150.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj poslodavac sa svojstvom pravnog lica ako u roku od osam dana po isteku utvrđenog roka za otklanjanje nedostataka ili nepravilnosti u pismenoj formi, ne obavesti nadležnu inspekciju rada o izvršenju naložene obaveze ( član 68. stav 2).
Novčanom kaznom od 50.000 do 100.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. ovog člana poslodavac koji je privatni preduzetnik.
Novčanom kaznom od 30.000 do 50.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. ovog člana direktor, odnosno drugo odgovorno lice kod poslodavca.
Član 72.
Novčanom kaznom od 400.000 do 600.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj zdravstvena ustanova koja ima organizovanu službu medicine rada ako ne dostavi propisani izveštaj o lekarskom pregledu zaposlenog (član 41. stav 2. tačka 5).
Novčanom kaznom od 20.000 do 30.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. ovog člana odgovorno lice u zdravstvenoj ustanovi.
Član 73.
Novčanom kaznom od 400.000 do 600.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj pravno lice:
1) ako ne izda stručni nalaz o izvršenom pregledu i ispitivanju opreme za rad ili ispitivanju uslova radne okoline (član 15. stav 3);
2) ako obavlja poslove bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu iz člana 40. ovog zakona, a nema odgovarajuću licencu (član 55. tačka 1);
3) ako obavlja poslove pregleda i ispitivanja opreme za rad i ispitivanja uslova radne okoline, a nema odgovarajuću licencu (član 55. tačka 2).
Novčanom kaznom od 200.000 do 300.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. tačka 2. ovog člana privatni preduzetnik.
Novčanom kaznom od 20.000 do 30.000 dinara kazniće se za prekršaj iz stava 1. ovog člana odgovorno lice u pravnom licu, kao i lice u pravnom licu koje, bez odgovarajuće licence (član 55. tačka 3), obavlja poslove odgo
Translation - English OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY LAW
I. BASIC PROVISIONS
Article 1
This Law shall lay down implementation and promotion of workplace safety and health for the persons involved in work processes, as well as for persons currently in the working environment, in order to prevent injuries at work, occupational disease and work-related disease.
This Law shall establish Management for Workplace Safety and Health as an administrative body within the Ministry of Labor, for the purpose of carrying out specific state administration operations in the field of workplace safety and health, employment and social policy, and lay down its jurisdiction.
Article 2
Employer’s and Employee’s rights, liabilities and responsibilities, competence and measures, application, i.e. implementation of which ensures safety and health at work, shall be exercised in accordance with this Law and regulations adopted based on the Law, unless otherwise determined by special law.
Article 3
The rights, liabilities and responsibilities related to workplace safety and health, as laid down by this Law, shall be closely governed by the Collective Contract, General Employer’s Act or Labor Contract.
Article 4
Particular terms used in this Law shall have the following meaning:
1) Employee is a domestic or foreign natural person, employed by Employer, as well as the person who carries out work on any grounds or is trained by Employer, except for the person employed by Employer in order to carry out domestic assistance;
2) Employer is a domestic or foreign legal person, i.e. natural person who employs or hires one or more persons;
3) Employees’ representative is a person appointed to represent Employees in the field of workplace safety and health before Employer;
4) Workplace safety and health provides for such conditions at work, which, as far as possible, reduce injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases, and predominantly create prerequisites for full physical, mental and social wellbeing of Employees;
5) Preventive measures are all measures undertaken or planned to be undertaken at all work levels by Employer, in order to prevent injury or damage of Employees’ health;
6) Workplace is a space intended for carrying out operations at Employer’s (within facility or in open, as well as in temporary and mobile construction sites, in buildings, machinery, means of transportation, etc.) where Employee resides, or has access to during the work, and which is directly or indirectly supervised by Employer;
7) Working environment is a space where the work is carried out, and it includes workplaces, working conditions, work procedures and labor relations;
8) Means of production is:
(1) facility used as work or auxiliary premises, including open facility with all its belonging installations (flow installations, heating, electrical installations and other),
(2) work equipment (machine, device, facility, installation, tools etc.) used in the work process,
(3) construction and facility for collective workplace safety and health (protection at crossings, entries, in corridors and shelters from heat or other radiation, protection from electric shocks, general ventilation system and air condition and others),
(4) auxiliary structure and facility, as well as the structure and facility temporarily used for work and movement of Employees (scaffold, work platform, tunnel timbering, construction for the prevention of landslides in the course of digging deep trenches and others),
(5) other means used in the work process or in any way related to the work process;
9) Means and equipment of personal protection at works stand for clothes, footwear, auxiliary devices for prevention of injuries at work, occupational diseases, work-related diseases and other harmful consequences to Employee’s health;
10) Hazardous substances are explosive, flammable, oxidizing, poisonous, repulsive, contagious, corrosive, cancerogenous and radioactive substances laid down in standards and other regulations, produced, used or stored in the work process, as well as substances whose characteristics, when interacting with certain substances, pose a life and health threat to Employees;
11) Danger is a circumstance or condition which may jeopardize health of, or cause injury to Employee;
12) Dangerous occurrence is an event that jeopardizes or may jeopardize the life and health of Employee, or pose a threat of injuring Employee;
13) Risk is a probability of injury, disease or health damage which may occur to Employee due to hazard;
14) Risk Assessment Act is an act containing description of the work process in addition to risk assessment, with regard to injuries and/or health damage at the workplace in the working environment, and measures for eliminating or reducing the risk in order to improve safety and health at work;
15) Risk assessment is a systematic registration and assessment of all factors in the work process that may cause occurrence of injuries at work, diseases or health damage and determine options, i.e. method of prevention, elimination or reduction of the risks;
16) Workplace with increased risk is a workplace determined by Risk Assessment Act where, in addition to fully or partially applied measures in accordance with this Law, there are circumstances that may jeopardize Employee’s safety and health;
17) Person responsible for workplace safety and health is a person that carries out duties related to workplace safety and health, has passed professional examination on practical qualifications and who was appointed by Employer, by virtue of written act, to perform these duties;
18) Legal person for carrying out of examinations and testing of work equipment and testing of working environment, i.e. chemical, biological and physical harmfulness (except for ionizing radiation), microclimate and lighting, is a legal person who was issued a certificate by the Minister of Labor, in accordance with this Law;
19) Occupational Health Service is a service that was entrusted by Employer to carry out health care of Employees;
20) Expert finding is a report on performed examination and testing of work equipment or testing of working environment conditions, with the conclusion stating if the prescribed safework and occupational health measures were applied or not;
21) Person-in-charge of carrying out examinations and testing of work equipment or testing of working environment conditions, as well as for signing of expert findings, is a certified person for carrying out these operations (hereinafter: Person-in-charge);
22) Certificate is an authorization provided by the Minister of Labor to a legal or physical person, in order to carry out specific operations in the field of safety and health at work, in accordance with this Law.
Article 5
Right to workplace safety and health shall be borne by:
1) Employees;
2) pupils and students engaged in mandatory manufacturing work, occupational practice or practical studies (workshops, economies, cabinets, laboratories and other);
3) persons engaged in occupational trainings, retraining or additional training;
4) persons engaged in occupational rehabilitation;
5) persons serving prison sentence while working in commercial unit of the institution for serving of the prison sentence (workshops, construction sites etc.) and other workplaces;
6) persons engaged in voluntary and public works organized in public interest, voluntary work events and work-related competitions;
7) persons currently in the working environment in order to carry out particular operations, if Employer is informed about their presence.
Workplace safety and health for persons from paragraph 1 subparagraphs 1), 2) , 4) and 7) of this Article shall be ensured by Employer, for persons from subparagraph 3) of this Article by educational organization, for persons from subparagraph 5) of this Article by institutions for serving prison sentence, and for persons from subparagraph 6) of this Article - by the organizer of works and competitions.
Article 6
Special rights, liabilities and measures related to workplace safety and health of youth (particularly in connection with their mental and physical development), women employed at the workplaces with increased risk of jeopardizing maternity, disabled and professionally ill persons - shall be governed by this Law, other regulations, Collective Contract, General Employer’s Act and Labor Contract.
II. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Article 7
Preventive measures in achieving workplace safety and health shall be provided by applying up-to-date technical, ergonomic, health, educational, social, organizational and other measures and means to eliminate risks of injuring or damaging health of Employees, and / or their bringing to a least possible extent, during the process of:
1) designing, constructing, using and maintaining facilities intended for work and auxiliary premises, as well as facilities intended for work in open areas, in order to provide safe development of work process;
2) designing, establishing, using and maintaining technological work processes with all its belonging work equipment, in order to provide safe work of Employees and harmonize chemical, physical and biological harmfulness, microclimate and lighting in workplaces and in work and auxiliary premises, with prescribed measures and norms with regard to work carried out at these workplaces and in these work premises;
3) designing, constructing, using and maintaining of the work equipment, structures and facilities for collective workplace safety and health, auxiliary structures and facilities and other means used in the work process or in any other way related to the work process, in order to prevent injury or damage of Employees’ health;
4) production, packaging, transport, storage, using and destroying hazardous substances, in the manner and in accordance with the regulations and rules eliminating possibilities to injure or damage Employees’ health;
5) designing, producing and using means and equipment for personal protection at work, the application of which eliminate risks or hazards that could not have been eliminated by applying adequate preventive measures;
6) education and training in the field of workplace safety and health.
Preventive measures in the processes from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
III. EMPLOYER’S LIABILITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. General liabilities
Article 8
Employer’s liabilities, in the sense of this Law and regulations adopted based on this Law, simultaneously represent Employees’ rights in connection with implementation of safework and occupational health measures.
Article 9
Employer shall be liable to provide work to Employee at the workplace and in the working environment, with applied safework and occupational health measures.
Employer shall not be exempted from liabilities and responsibilities related to safework and occupational health measures by appointing other person or conferring its liabilities and responsibilities to other person.
Employer shall not be liable in the sense of this Law, in case of injury at work due to unusual and unpredictable circumstances, beyond Employer’s control or due to extraordinary events with consequences which are impossible to avoid in spite of all efforts.
Employer shall be liable to ensure that the work process is adjusted to Employee’s physical and mental capacity and working environment, instruments of labor and means and equipment for personal protection at work to be organized, manufactured and supplied so as not to jeopardize Employee’s safety and health.
Article 10
Employer shall be liable to provide that the implementation of safework and occupational health measures does not give rise to financial liabilities to Employee and Employees’ representative, and that it does not affect their material and social status earned at work and in connection with the work.
Article 11
Employer shall be liable to, during the organization of the work and work process, ensure preventive measures in order to protect life and health of Employees, as well as to provide necessary financial means for implementation thereof.
Employer shall be liable to ensure preventive measures before Employee starts to work, during the work, as well as after any alteration of technological procedure, by selecting labor and production methods, which ensure the highest possible safety and protection of health at work, based on the application of regulations in the field of safety and health at work, Labor Law, technical regulations and standards, regulations in the field of health care, work hygiene, health and pension and disability insurance, and others.
Article 12
The preventive measures shall be provided by Employer starting from the following principles:
1) avoiding of risk;
2) assessment of the risk that cannot be avoided at the workplace;
3) elimination of risks at their source by applying up-to-date technical solutions;
4) adjustment of work and workplace to Employee, in particular with a view to selecting work equipment and method of work, as well as to selecting technological procedure, in order to avoid monotony of work, and to reduce its impact on Employee’s health;
5) substitution of dangerous technological processes or work methods with harmless or less hazardous technological processes or work methods;
6) giving priority to collective over individual safework and occupational health measures;
7) adequate training of Employees for safe and healthy work and issuing safework instructions.
Article 13
Employer shall be liable to adopt Risk Assessment Act in written form for all workplaces in the working environment, and lay down the method and measures for risk elimination.
Employer shall be liable to amend Risk Assessment Act in case of emergence of any new hazard and change of the risk level in the work process.
The Risk Assessment Act shall be established by determining possible types of hazards and harmfulness at the workplace in the working environment, based on which risk assessment of occurrence of the injury and health damage of Employee shall be carried out.
The method and procedure of the risk assessment at the workplace and in the working environment shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
Article 14
Employer shall be liable to, by virtue of General Act, i.e. Collective Contract, lay down rights, liabilities and responsibilities in the field of safety and health at work.
Employer who employs up to ten Employees may lay down rights, liabilities and responsibilities from paragraph 1 of this Article by virtue of Employment Contract.
Article 15
Employer shall be liable to:
1) appoint the person responsible for workplace safety and health by virtue of written act;
2) assign Employee to carry out tasks with already implemented safework and occupational health measures;
3) inform Employees and their representative on introduction of new technologies and instruments of labor, as well as on hazards from injuries and health damage, which appear due to their introduction, and to adopt in such cases adequate instructions for the safework;
4) train Employees for safe and healthy work;
5) ensure that Employees use means and equipment for personal protection at work;
6) ensure maintenance of instruments of labor and means and equipment for personal protection at work in regular condition;
7) hire a certified legal person in order to implement preventive and periodic examinations and testing of work equipment, as well as the preventive and periodic testing of working environment conditions;
8) provide, based on Risk Assessment Act and evaluation from Occupational Health Service, prescribed medical examinations of Employees, in accordance with this Law;
9) provide first aid, as well as to train adequate number of Employees to provide first aid, rescue and evacuation in case of emergency;
10) stop any type of work that presents an immediate life or health threat to Employees.
Procedure and periods of preventive and periodic examinations and testing of work equipment, as well as preventive and periodic testing of working environment conditions, i.e. chemical, biological and physical harmfulness (except for ionizing radiation), microclimate and illumination shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
Legal person from paragraph 1 subparagraph 7) of this Article shall be liable to issue expert finding upon completed examination and testing of work equipment or working environment.
Article 16
Employer shall be liable to, on the basis of Risk Assessment Act and evaluation from Occupational Health Service, determine special health conditions to be met by Employees concerning performance of particular operations at the workplace in the working environment, or concerning utilization of particular work equipment.
Employer shall be liable to allow conditions for independent carrying out of operations concerning health care of Employees, to the hired Occupational Health Service.
Article 17
Employer shall be liable to provide means and/or equipment for personal protection at work, in accordance with Risk Assessment Act.
2. Special liabilities
Article 18
Employer shall be liable to, at least eight days before work commencement, inform the competent Labor Inspection on:
1) commencement of his work;
2) work of the separate department;
3) any change of technological procedure, if such changes alter the working conditions.
Employer that carries out construction or reconstruction of the building or alters technological process for longer than seven days, shall be liable to prepare a prescribed/stipulated study on planning of the construction site, which shall be submitted in addition to the Report on the commencement of works, to a competent Labor Inspection.
Employer shall be liable to provide, maintain and implement safework and occupational health measures at the construction site, in accordance with the study on planning of the construction site.
The content of the study on planning of the construction yard shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
The fulfillment of prescribed requirements in the field of safety and health at work, before the commencement of Employer’s operations, in accordance with the Law, shall be determined by the Ministry of Labor, at Employer’s request.
The procedure for determination of the fulfillment concerning prescribed requirements from paragraph 5 of this Article shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
The cost of the procedure for determination of the fulfillment concerning prescribed requirements from paragraph 5 of this Article, shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor and the Minister of Finance by mutual agreement.
The funds realized from charged costs pertaining to the procedure for determination of the fulfillment concerning prescribed requirements from paragraph 5 of this Article, shall represent income to the Republic of Serbia’s budget.
Article 19
When two or more Employers share the work space during operations, they shall be liable to cooperate concerning the application of prescribed safework and occupational health measures for Employees.
Employers from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be liable to, taking into account the nature of operations performed by them, coordinate activities related to implementation of measures for the detection of the risk from injury, i.e. health damage to Employees, as well as to mutually inform themselves and their Employees and/or Employees’ representatives on these risks and measures concerning elimination thereof.
The method of achieving cooperation from the par. 1 and 2 of this Article shall be determined by Employers by virtue of written agreement.
The person for coordination of joint measures for ensuring safety and health of all Employees shall be appointed by virtue of agreement from paragraph 3 of this Article.
Article 20
Employer shall be liable to undertake measures to prevent access into territory of the building or in the construction site area, to persons and means of transportation that do not have reason to be present there.
Article 21
Employer who contracts, for carrying out his operations, other Employer’s Employees, shall be liable to provide for these Employees prescribed safework and occupational health measures in accordance with this Law.
Article 22
Employer shall be liable to, during any change of technological process, adjust instruments of labor to this technological process, before he starts working.
Article 23
Employer shall be liable to allow Employees to use instruments of labor, i.e. means and equipment for personal protection at work, with applied prescribed safework and occupational health measures and to provide the control over its utilization, in accordance with the purpose.
Article 24
Employer may Employees allow to use work equipment, means and equipment for personal protection at work or hazardous substances, only:
1) if he has prescribed documentation in Serbian Language, concerning its utilization and maintenance, i.e. packaging, transport, utilization and storage, where the manufacturer, i.e. supplier stated all safework and technical data, relevant for assessment and elimination of risk at work;
2) if he ensured all safework and occupational health measures stated in this documentation, in accordance with the regulations concerning safety and health at work, technical regulations and standards.
When Employer is exceptionally unable to provide documentation from paragraph 1 subparagraph 1) of this Article, he shall be liable to supply this documentation from the legal person registered for product quality control operations.
Employer shall be liable to, if necessary, to provide translation of documentation from par. 1 and 2 of this Article on the language comprehensible to Employee.
Article 25
When due to introduction of new technology, there are no prescribed safework and occupational health measures, Employer, until adoption of respective regulations, shall apply generally accepted measures that assure safety and health of Employees.
Generally accepted measure, in the sense of paragraph 1 of this Article shall deem to be measure, which can eliminate work hazard, or reduce harmfulness to Employee’s health to a reasonable extent.
Article 26
If Employer detects deficiencies in the field of safety and health at work, by virtue of Risk Assessment Act, and their elimination requires higher investments, hence Employee’s life and health are not in a serious danger, Employer shall be liable to set up a special program concerning gradual elimination of deficiencies and set deadlines for the realization of program.
3. Training of Employees
Article 27
Employer shall be liable to carry out training of Employee for a safe and healthy work, at the beginning of his employment, i.e. reassignment to other jobs, when introducing a new technology or new instruments of labor, as well as in case of alteration of the work process that may cause change of safework and occupational health measures.
Employer shall be liable to introduce Employee, during the training on safe and healthy work, with all types of risks at jobs of his/hers appointment, and with concrete safework and occupational health measures in accordance with Risk Assessment Act.
Training from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be provided by Employer during working hours, and training costs may not be charged to Employee.
Training for safe and healthy work of the Employee has to be adjusted to particularities of his/hers workplace.
If Employer appoints Employee to perform simultaneously jobs at two or more workplaces, he shall be liable to train Employee for safe and healthy work at each of these workplaces.
Article 28
Employer shall carry out theoretical and practical training of Employees for safe and healthy work.
Testing of theoretical and practical training of Employee for safe and healthy work shall be carried out at the workplace.
Periodic testing of fitness for safe and healthy work of the Employee who works at the workplace with increased risk, shall be carried out in the manner and under the procedure laid down by Risk Assessment Act.
Article 29
When the work is carried out by other Employer’s Employees, on the basis of a contract, agreement or on any other grounds, Employer shall be liable to train these Employees for safe and healthy work, in accordance with this Law.
Article 30
When technological work process requires additional training of Employee for safe and healthy work, Employer shall be liable to introduce him/her with safe performance of work, by virtue of information, instructions or written instructions.
In exceptional cases, when there is an immediate threat to Employee’s life or health due to emergency, information or instructions may be given in the verbal form.
Employer shall be liable to ensure that, women employed during pregnancy, Employees younger than 18 years and Employees with reduced work abilities, in addition to training for safe and healthy work, are informed in written form about results of the risk assessment of the workplace, and about measures to eliminate the risks in order to increase safety and health at work.
Article 31
Employer shall be liable to warn any person, which is for any kind of reason located in the working environment, about dangerous locations or health hazards appearing in technological process, i.e. safework measures he/she has to apply, and to instruct him/her to free movement zones.
Employer shall be liable to noticeably mark and post safety and/or health signs in order to inform Employees on risks of technological process, directions of movement and unrestricted area as well as on measures for the prevention or elimination of risks.
Employer shall be liable to ensure that the access to a workplace in the working environment, in case of immediate threat from injury or health damage at such workplace (poisoning, suffocation, and other), is allowed only to persons capable for safe and healthy work, who received special work instructions for such place and who are furnished with adequate means and equipment for personal protection at work.
IV. RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF EMPLOYEES
Article 32
Employee shall have the right and liability to introduce himself/herself with safework and occupational health measures on jobs or at workplace of his/her appointment, as well as to train for implementation.
Employee shall have the right:
1) to give suggestions and observations and to provide information to Employer on issues concerning safety and health at work;
2) to control his/her health with regard to workplace risks, in accordance with health care regulations.
Employee that works at the workplace with increased risk, shall have the right and liability to take medical examination, and shall be instructed to the latter by Employer.
Employee shall be liable to work at the workplace with increased risk, based on the report from Occupational Health Service, which will determine whether he/she is fit to work at such workplace.
Article 33
Employee shall have the right to refuse working:
1) if there is an immediate life or health threat, due to non- implementation of prescribed measures for safety and health at the workplace of his/her appointment, until such measures are provided;
2) if Employer did not provide prescribed medical examination for Employee or if the medical examination determines that prescribed medical conditions have not been met, as per Article 43 of this Law, concerning work at the workplace with increased risk;
3) if during the training for safe and healthy work he/she was not introduced with all types of risks and measures for its elimination, as per Article 27 paragraph 2 of this Law, at jobs or workplace where he/she was assigned by Employer;
4) longer than full working hours, i.e. during night-time if, according to evaluation from Occupational Health Service, such work may worsen his/her health condition;
5) at instruments of labor where prescribed safework and occupational health measures are not applied.
In the cases from paragraph 1 of this Article, Employee may address Employer with written request to undertake measures that, from Employee’s point of view, have not been implemented.
If Employer does not act upon request from paragraph 2 of this Article within eight days from receiving the request, Employee shall have the right to submit the request for protection of rights to the Labor Inspection.
When Employee refuses to work in the cases from paragraph 1 of this Article, and Employer believes that Employee’s request was not justified, Employer shall be liable to inform the Labor inspection immediately.
Article 34
When there is an immediate life or health threat to Employee, he/she shall have the right to undertake adequate measures, in accordance with his/her knowledge and available technical means and to leave the workplace, work process, i.e. work environment.
In the case from paragraph 1 of this Article, Employee shall not be responsible for damage caused to Employer.
Article 35
Employee shall be liable to apply prescribed safework and occupational health measures, to specifically use instruments of labor and hazardous substances, to use prescribed means and equipment for personal protection at work and to handle them with care, so as not to jeopardize his/her safety and health as well as the safety and health of other persons.
Employee shall be liable to examine his/her workplace before he/she starts working, including instruments of labor used, as well as means and equipment for personal protection at work, and in the case of detected deficiencies, to report to Employer or other authorized person.
Before leaving the workplace, Employee shall be liable to leave the workplace and instruments of labor in condition that will not jeopardize other Employees.
Article 36
Employee shall be liable to, in accordance with his/her knowledge, immediately inform Employer on irregularities, harmfulness, hazards or other occurrence, which could jeopardize his/her safety and health as well as the safety and health of other Employees at the workplace.
If Employer, after he obtained information from paragraph 1 of this Article, does not remove irregularities, harmfulness, hazard or other occurrence within eight days, or if Employee considers that adequate safework and occupational health measures have not been implemented with regard to detected occurrence, Employee may address the competent Labor Inspection, and shall inform the person for safety and health at work thereof.
Employee shall be liable to cooperate with Employer and person for safety and health at work, in order to implement prescribed safework and occupational health measures in his line of duty.
V. ORGANIZATION OF SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK OPERATIONS
Article 37
Employer shall be liable to organize workplace safety and health operations.
The workplace safety and health operations may be carried out by a person who has passed professional exam in accordance with this Law.
The workplace safety and health operations may be carried out by Employer himself in trade, catering and tourism, trades/crafts and personal services, financial and technical and business services, education, science and information, health and social care, and in housing and communal activities, if there is up to ten Employees and he shall not be liable to pass professional exam from paragraph 2 of this Article.
For the implementation of workplace safety and health operations, Employer may appoint one or more of its Employees, or to hire a legal person, i.e. entrepreneur with the certificate (hereinafter: a person for safety and health at work).
Employer shall decide on the method for organization of safety and health at work operations subject to:
1) technological process,
2) organizations, nature and scope of the work process,
3) number of Employees who participate in the work process,
4) number of work shifts,
5) estimated risks,
6) number of units separated by locations,
7) type of activity.
Article 38
Employer shall be liable to ensure that person for safety and health at work may independently and individually carry out activities in accordance with this Law, and to have access to all necessary data in the field of safety and health at work.
Person for workplace safety and health shall be directly responsible to Employer for whom he/she performs such activities, and may not suffer any detrimental effect if he/she carries out his/hers work in accordance with this Law.
Employer shall be liable to provide promotion of Employee’s knowledge in the field of safety and health at work, appointed for carrying out of these activities.
Article 39
Employer who hires a legal person or entrepreneur for safety and occupational health activities, shall be liable to previously introduce them with the technological process, risks in the work process and measures for eliminating risk.
Article 40
Person for safety and health at work shall carry out activities in accordance with this Law, and in particular he/she shall:
1) participate in the preparation of Risk Assessment Act;
2) carry out control and give advices to Employer in planning, selection, utilization and maintenance of instruments of labor, hazardous substances and means and equipment for personal protection at work;
3) participate in equipping and planning of the workplace in order to provide safe and healthy work conditions;
4) organize preventive and periodic testing of work environment conditions;
5) organize preventive and periodic examinations and testing of work equipment;
6) recommend measures to improve work conditions, in particular, at the workplace with increased risk;
7) follow up and monitor implementation of safework and occupational health measures for Employees on daily basis;
8) follow up condition of injuries at work and occupational diseases, as well as work-related diseases, participate in determination of its causes and prepare the reports with recommendations of measures for its elimination;
9) prepare and implement training of Employees for safe and healthy work;
10) prepare instructions for safe work and control its application;
11) prohibit work at the workplace or using instruments of labor, in case of determining immediate life or health threat to Employee;
12) cooperate and coordinate work with Occupational Health Service on all issues in the field of safety and health at work;
13) maintain registers in the field of safety and health at work with Employer.
Person for safety and health at work shall be liable to report to Employer and Employees’ representative in written form on prohibition of work from paragraph 1 subparagraph 11) of this Article.
If Employer, in spite of work prohibition in the sense of paragraph 1 subparagraph 11) of this Article, orders Employee to continue working, person for safety and health at work shall be liable to immediately inform the competent Labor Inspection thereof.
Article 41
Employer shall hire Occupational Health Service for carrying out of Employees’ health care at work.
The Occupational Health Service from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be liable to carry out activities in accordance with this Law, and in particular it shall:
1) participate in identification of risk and risk assessment at the workplace and in the working environment in course of preparation of the Risk Assessment Act;
2) introduce Employees with health risks related to their work and carry out training of Employees for providing first aid;
3) determine and test reasons for emerging occupational diseases and work-related diseases;
4) evaluate and establish special health abilities to be met by Employees during certain activities at the workplace with increased risk or for utilization, namely manipulation of particular work equipment;
5) carry out pre-employment and periodic medical examinations of Employees at workplaces with increased risk and issue reports on medical examinations in accordance with safework and health regulations;
6) participate in organization of first aid, rescue and evacuation in case of injury of Employees or disasters;
7) give advice to Employer during the selection of other adequate activity with regard to health ability of Employee;
8) consult Employer concerning the selection and testing of new instruments of labor, hazardous substances and means and equipment for personal protection at work, from the medical point of view;
9) participate in the analysis of injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases;
10) directly cooperate with the person for safety and health at work.
Pre-employment and periodic medical examinations of Employees in the sense of paragraph 2 subparagraph 5) of this Article may be carried out by Occupational Health Service that has prescribed equipment, premises and professional staff.
Article 42
Personal data collected in connection with medical examinations of Employee are confidential and shall be under the supervision of Occupational Health Service, which is carrying out these examinations.
The data on injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases shall be submitted to health and pension and disability insurance organizations in accordance with the Law.
The data from paragraph 2 of this Article may be submitted to other persons only with Employee’s written consent.
The report on medical examination of Employee shall be submitted to Employer in the manner which does not disturb the principle of confidentiality concerning personal data.
Use of data collected based on the medical examination of Employees for the purpose of discrimination of Employees shall not be allowed.
Article 43
Employer shall be liable to provide pre-employment medical examination to Employee, before he/she starts working, as well as periodic medical examination during the work.
Pre-employment and periodic medical examinations of Employees at the workplaces with increased risk shall be carried out in the manner, under the procedure and by deadlines laid down in safework and health regulations, prescribed by the Minister of Labor and Minister of Health by mutual agreement.
If during the periodic medical examination procedure, Employer was determined to be not fulfilling special health requirements for carrying out of activities at the workplace with increased risk, Employer shall be liable to reassign him/her to other workplace suitable to his/hers health abilities.
Non-fulfillment of special health requirements to work at the workplace with increased risk may not be the reason to cancel Employment Contract.
VI. EMPLOYEES’ REPRESENTATIVE FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK
Article 44
Employees under Employer shall have right to select one or more representatives for safety and health at work (hereinafter: Employees’ representative).
At least three Employees’ representative shall form Board for safety and health at work (hereinafter: Board).
Employer who has 50 or more Employees shall be liable to appoint in the Board at least one representative, therefore the number of Employees’ representatives shall be at least by one bigger than the number of Employer’s representatives.
The selection procedure and method of work of Employees’ representatives and Board, number of Employees’ representatives under Employer, as well as its relation with the syndicate shall be governed by the Collective Contract.
Article 45
Employer shall be liable to provide to Employees’ representative, namely Board, the following:
1) insight into all acts related to safety and health at work;
2) participate in review of all issues related to implementation of safety and health at work.
Employer shall be liable to inform Employees’ representative, namely Board, on all data related to safety and health at work.
Article 46
Employees’ representative, i.e. Board shall have the right to:
1) give suggestions to Employer on all issues related to safety and health at work;
2) request from Employer to undertake adequate measures for eliminating or reducing risks that jeopardize safety and health of Employees;
3) request supervision by the Labor Inspection, if they consider that Employer did not implement adequate safework and occupational health measures.
Employees’ representative, namely Board Member, shall have the right to participate during the inspection supervision.
Article 47
Employer shall be liable to inform Employees’ representative, namely Board:
1) on findings and recommendations or undertaken measures by the Labor Inspection;
2) about the reports on injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases, and on undertaken safework and occupational health measures;
3) on measures undertaken for the prevention of immediate life and health threat.
Article 48
Employer and Employees’ representative, namely Board and syndicate, shall be liable to cooperate mutually on issues related to safety and health at work, in accordance with this Law and other regulations.
VII. RECORDS, COOPERATION AND REPORTING
Article 49
Employer shall be liable to maintain and keep records of:
1) workplaces with increased risk;
2) Employees assigned to workplaces with increased risk and medical examinations of Employees assigned to these workplaces;
3) injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases;
4) trained Employees for safe and healthy work;
5) hazardous substances used in the work process;
6) performed tests of the working environment;
7) performed examinations and testing of work equipment and means and equipment for personal protection at work;
8) reports from Article 50 of this Law.
The method of maintaining registers from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
Article 50
Employer shall be liable to, immediately and not later than 24 hours from occurrence, report verbally and in written form to the competent Labor Inspection and competent body of internal affairs every fatal, collective or serious injury at work, injury at work which rendered Employee to be unable to continue working for at least three consequent working days, as well as hazardous occurrence, which could jeopardize safety and health of Employees.
Employer shall be liable to, not later than three consecutive days from the day of awareness, to report the occupational disease to the competent Labor Inspection, i.e. work-related disease of an Employee.
Article 51
Employer shall submit the report on injury at work, occupational disease and work-related disease which occurred at the workplace, to Employee that suffered injury, i.e. disease and to organizations authorized for health and pension and disability insurance.
The content and method of issuing the report form from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
Employer shall be liable to, at the request of Labor Inspector or Employees’ representative, submit the report on the conditions of Employees’ safety and health at work, as well as on implemented measures.
Article 52
Employers, syndicates, insurance companies, organizations authorized for health and pension and disability insurance shall be liable to cooperate in adopting common views on issues concerning promotion of safety and health at work, as well as to take care about development and promotion of the general culture regarding safety and health at work, in accordance with this Law.
Organizations authorized for health and pension and disability insurance shall be liable to submit to the Ministry of Labor data on injuries at work, occupational diseases, work-related diseases and work-related disabled persons at least once a year, and not later than 31st January of the following year for the previous year, and even before at the request of the Ministry of Labor.
Article 53
Employer shall be liable to insure Employees for injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases, in order to ensure compensations.
The financial means for insurance from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be borne by Employer, and they shall be determined subject to the level of risk from injury, professional disease or work-related disease with regard to the workplace and working environment.
The requirements and procedures concerning insurance from injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases of Employees shall be governed by the Law.
VIII. PROFESSIONAL EXAM AND ISSUING OF CERTIFICATES
Article 54
In order to perform safety and health at work activities and duties of the Person-in-charge, an adequate professional exam shall be taken.
Professional exam from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be taken before respective Commission formed by the Minister of Labor.
The program, method and amount of costs for undergoing exam from paragraph 1 of this Article shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
The funds acquired from charged costs for undergoing professional exam from paragraph 1 of this Article, shall represent income to the Republic of Serbia’s budget.
Article 55
The Minister of Labor shall issue a certificate by virtue of Decision to:
1) a legal person or entrepreneur for carrying out of safety and occupational health activities from Article 40 of this Law;
2) a legal person for carrying out of examinations and testing of work equipment and testing of working environment;
3) Person-in-charge from subparagraph 2) of this Article.
Article 56
The certificate for carrying out of activities in the field of safety and health at work from Article 40 of this Law, may be acquired by a legal person, i.e. entrepreneur, who employs Employee with higher education of the respective occupation who has passed professional exam from Article 54 of this Law and with at least three years of work experience in these activities.
The certificate for carrying out of examinations and testing of work equipment and testing of working environment may be acquired by a legal person who fulfills prescribed requirements in terms of providing adequate professional staff, technical equipment, methodology for carrying out of particular examinations and testing, and who employs the Person-in-charge.
The certificate to carry out activities of the Person-in-charge may be acquired by the person with higher education of the respective profession who has passed professional exam from Article 54 of this Law and with at least three years of work experience in these activities.
The requirements and amount of costs for issuing the certificate from paragraph 1 to 3 of this Article shall be prescribed by the Minister of Labor.
The funds acquired from charged costs for the issuing of certificate from paragraph 1 to 3 of this Article, shall represent income to the Republic of Serbia’s budget.
Article 57
Minister of Labor may revoke the certificate by virtue of Decision to:
1) the legal person or entrepreneur for carrying out of safety and health at work activities from Article 55 subparagraph 1) of this Law, if it was found that activities are carried out in contravention of the Law;
2) the legal person for carrying out of examinations and testing of work equipment and testing of working environment from Article 55 subparagraph 2) of this Law, if it was found that activities are carried out in contravention of the Law;
3) the Person-in-charge from Article 55 subparagraph 3) of this Law, if it was found that he/she carries out duties, for the purpose of which the certificate was issued, in bad faith and unprofessionally.
Article 58
Filing of a complaint against the Decision from Articles 55 and 57 of this Law, shall not be allowed, but legal appeal may be instituted.
IX. MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK
Article 59
The Management for Safety and Health at Work shall be established within the Ministry of Labor, and it shall carry out duties of the state administration, aiming at promotion and development of safety and health at work, i.e. reducing injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases (hereinafter: Management).
Article 60
The Management shall carry out the activities as follows:
1) prepare regulations in the field of safety and health at work, as well as opinions concerning its application;
2) prepare professional basis for the design of national development program concerning safety and health at work and follow up its realization;
3) follow up and evaluate condition of safety and health at work and prepare views for uniform governing safework and health health related measures subject to this Law and other regulations;
4) carry out research and encourage development in the field of labor humanization;
5) provide professional assistance in the field of safety and health of Employees;
6) prepare methodologies for carrying out of examinations and testing in the field of safety and health at work;
7) study causes and occurrences, the consequences of which are injuries at work, occupational diseases and work-related diseases;
8) organize taking of professional exams from Article 54 of this Law, and maintain the records thereof;
9) supervise work validity of legal persons and entrepreneurs as well as the certified Person-in-charges and prepare recommendations for decisions concerning issuing and revoking of certificates from Articles 55 and 57 of this Law, and maintain the records thereof;
10) collect and analyze data on injuries at work, occupational diseases, work-related diseases and occurrences that affect Employees’ health;
11) carry out information and documentation related activities in the field of safety and health of Employees;
12) organize counseling, carry out training for Employees, Employer, persons for safety and health at work, inspectors etc, publish various materials and inform the public about the condition in the field of safety and health at work;
13) ensure implementation of international acts in the field of safety and health at work;
14) encourage education and development of the work culture in the field of safety and health at work;
15) carry out other activities laid down by the Law.
X. SUPERVISION
Article 61
The inspection supervision of implementation of this Law, regulations adopted based on this Law, technical and other measures related to safety and health at work, as well as implementation of safework and occupational health measures prescribed by the General Employer’s Act, Collective Contract or Labor Contract, shall be carried out by the Ministry of Labor through Labor Inspectors.
Article 62
The inspection supervision in the field of safety and health at work may be carried out by the Labor Inspectors who have higher education, at least three years of professional work experience and passed professional exam for work in state administration bodies.
Inspection supervision in the field of trade, catering and tourism, trades/crafts and personal services, financial and technical and business services, education, science and information, health and social care, housing and communal services, as well as activities of determining fulfillment of prescribed requirements for safety and health at work, may be exceptionally carried out by the Labor Inspectors with higher education of the respective streams, passed professional exam for work in state administration bodies and at least three years of professional work experience.
Article 63
During the inspection supervision the Labor Inspector shall have the right and liability to undertake actions to control safety and health at work, and in particular hygiene and work conditions, production, trade, utilization and maintenance of instruments of labor, means and equipment for personal protection at work, hazardous substances etc, as well as to:
1) review general and individual acts, records and other documentation;
2) hear and take statements from responsible and interested persons;
3) examine business premises, buildings, facilities, machines, means and equipment for personal protection, items and goods, etc.;
4) take samples for analysis, expertise, etc.;
5) order measurements to be carried out by other professional organization, when Employer independently or through a particular professional organization carries out measurements in respective fields, and the results of performed measurement justify that;
6) provide to Employers, Employees, their representatives and the syndicate, information and advices in the field of safety and health at work, as well as on measures, the application of which provides execution of this Law in the most efficient manner;
7) inform Employer and Employee or Employees’ representative, in accordance with the submitted request, on performed inspection supervision and assessed condition;
8) undertake all other actions authorized by other regulation.
Article 64
Employer shall be liable to, in order to carry out supervision, allow the Labor Inspector:
1) to have access into the buildings and premises, at any moment when Employees are at work;
2) appoint at least one Employee who will provide necessary information, data, acts and documentation to Inspector;
3) to have insight into evidence of building stability;
4) to have insight into applied safework and occupational health measures at instruments of labor and in the working environment;
5) to have insight into means and equipment for personal protection at work;
6) to have insight into data and production records, use and storage of hazardous substances.
Article 65
Labor Inspector shall be liable to carry out supervision immediately upon Employer’s report on every fatal, severe or collective injury at work, as well as on dangerous occurrence that could jeopardize safety and health at work, namely immediately after the reception of request, i.e. information from Article 33 paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Law.
Article 66
Labor Inspector shall be required to order Employer or Employee to undertake measures and actions in order to eliminate the causes that led to injuries, occurrence of threats to safety and health at work, namely which may prevent occurrence of injury or reduce or eliminate threats to safety or health at work.
Labor Inspector shall be liable to, during circumstances which led to jeopardizing Employee’s safety and health, prohibit work at Employer’s workplace and in particular if he found that:
1) Employee’s safety and health are directly jeopardized;
2) uses, where safework and occupational health measures were not applied;
3) prescribed means and equipment for personal protection at work are not used;
4) Employee works at the workplace with increased risk, and he/she does not meet requirements prescribed for work at such workplace, as well as he/she did not undergo medical examination in the prescribed period;
5) Employee is not trained for the safework at his/her workplace;
6) Employer did not implement the measures or carry out actions, which were prescribed by the Labor Inspector, in order to eliminate causes that lead to jeopardizing Employee’s safety and health.
If application of measures, or requirement to harmonize with prescribed safework and occupational health measures, constitutes a shortfall of which elimination requires higher investments while life and health of Employees are not seriously jeopardized, Labor Inspector may order Employer to set up a special program for eliminating deficiencies with set deadlines for their elimination.
Labor Inspector may also order implementation of generally accepted measure, which may as much as possible eliminate work related hazard or reduce health risks to Employee.
Article 67
The Labor Inspector shall order by virtue of Decision the application of measures and actions which shall in accordance with the provisions of this Law provide safety and health at work for Employees.
A complaint may be filed to the Labor Minister against the Decision of the Labor Inspector within eight days from the date of submitting the Decision.
The complaint shall not delay execution of the Decision that prescribes prohibition of work.
The Decision of the Minister of Labor, made with regard to complaint, shall be definite in the administrative procedure and a dispute may be instituted.
Article 68
Employer shall be liable to, within the period set by the Labor Inspector, undertake prescribed measures and remove detected deficiencies or irregularities.
Employer shall be liable to, within eight days from expiration of period for removing of detected deficiency or irregularity, inform the inspection competent for execution of prescribed liability in written form.
XI. PENALTY PROVISIONS
Article 69
Employer in the capacity of a legal person shall be fined with pecuniary penalty from 800.000 to 1.000.000 dinars, for the penalties as follows:
1) if he does not provide implementation of safework and occupational health measures at Employee’s workplace and in the working environment (Article 9 paragraph 1);
2) if he does not ensure preventive measures, during organization of work and work process, in order to protect lives and health of Employees, as well as if he does not provide required financial means for its implementation (Article 11 paragraph 1);
3) if he does not adopt Risk Assessment Act in written form for all workplaces in the working environment, and if he does not establish method and measures to eliminate risks, as well as if he does not amend the Risk Assessment Act in case that any new hazard emerges or risk level alters in the work process (Article 13 paragraph 1 and 2);
4) if he does not lay down rights, liabilities and responsibilities by virtue of General Act, i.e. Collective Contract or Labor Contract in the field of safety and health at work (Article 14);
5) if he does not appoint the person for safety and health at work by virtue of written act (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 1);
6) if Employee is instructed to carry out jobs where safework and occupational health measures were not implemented (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 2);
7) if he does not inform Employees and their representative on introduction of new technologies and instruments of labor, as well as on injuries and health damage threats occurring after they are introduced, namely if in such cases he does not adopt adequate safework instructions (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 3);
8) if he/she does not carry out training of Employee for safe and healthy work (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 4, Articles 27, 28 and 29);
9) if he/she does not enable Employee to use means and equipment for personal protection at work (Article 15. paragraph 1. subparagraph 5);
10) if he/she does not provide maintenance of the regular condition of instruments of labor and means and equipment for personal protection at work (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 6);
11) if he/she does not hire a legal person with the certificate in order to carry out preventive and periodic examinations and tests of the work equipment, as well as preventive and periodic tests of the working environment conditions (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 7);
12) if he/she does not provide, based on the Risk Assessment Act and evaluation from Occupational Health Service and in accordance with this Law, prescribed medical examinations of Employees (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 8);
13) if he/she does not provide first aid, as well as if he/she does not train an adequate number of Employees to apply first aid, rescue and evacuate in case of emergency (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 9);
14) if he/she does not stop any type of work that represents immediate life or health threat to Employees (Article 15 paragraph 1 subparagraph 10);
15) if he/she does not determine, based on evaluation from Occupational Health Service, by virtue of the Risk Assessment Act, special health requirements to be fulfilled by Employees who carry out particular jobs at the workplace in the working environment or in order to use particular work equipment (Article 16 paragraph 1);
16) if he/she does not provide conditions for independent health care of Employees, to Occupational Health Service hired by him (Article 16 paragraph 2);
17) if he/she does not provide to the Employee with means and/or equipment for personal protection at work in accordance with the Risk Assessment Act (Article 17);
18) if he/she does not inform the competent Labor Inspection, at least eight days before he starts working, on the commencement of his work, work of the separate department or every alteration of the technological procedure if such changes alter work conditions (Article 18 paragraph 1);
19) if he/she does not make a valid study on construction site planning concerning construction or reconstruction works of the building, or alteration of the technological process carried out for longer than seven days, and if he/she does not submit the study to the competent Labor Inspection in addition to the report on the commencement of works (Article 18 paragraph 2);
20) if he/she does not conclude the agreement on implementation of safework and occupational health measures for Employees with other Employer, whom he/she shares the workspace with during operations, and if he/she does not appoint the person for coordination of the implementation of joint measures to provide safety and health of all Employees (Article 19);
21) if he/she does not provide prescribed safework and occupational health measures, in accordance with this Law, for Employees hired from other Employer (Article 21);
22) in case of altering technological work process, if he/she does not adjust instruments of labor to the new technological process, before the commencement of work, (Article 22);
23) if he/she allows the employee to use instrument of labor, or means and equipment for personal protection at work, when prescribed safework and occupational health measures were not implemented or if he/she does not ensure the control over its specific use (Article 23 );
24) if he/she allows the employee to use work equipment, means and equipment for personal protection at work or hazardous substances, when he/she does not possess prescribed documentation in Serbian language for use, or if he did not ensure all safework and occupational health measures prescribed in that documentation (Article 24 paragraphs 1 and 2);
25) if he/she does not make special program on gradual removal of deficiencies laid down in Risk Assessment Act, namely if he/she does not determine deadlines for the realization of the program (Article 26);
26) if he/she does not organize activities of safety and health at work, namely if he/she, for the purpose of carrying out those activities, appoints the person who has not passed professional exam, in accordance with this Law (Article 37 paragraphs 1 and 2);
27) if he hires a legal person or entrepreneur without proper certification, for the purpose of carrying out safety and healthy workplace activities (Article 37 paragraph 4);
28) if he does not provide pre-employment, periodic medical examination to Employee at the workplace with higher levels of hazards (Article 43 paragraph 1);
29) if Employee, who carries out activities at the workplace with higher level of hazards and who was found during periodic medical examination not to fulfill prescribed medical conditions for carrying out activities at the workplace with increased level of hazards, is not transferred to other workplace suitable to his health abilities (Article 43 paragraph 3);
30) if immediately, and at latest until 24 hours from the moment of occurrence, verbally and in written form, he/she does not report to the competent labor inspection and competent body for internal affairs every fatal, collective or severe injury at work, injury at work that made Employee incapable to work for more than three consecutive working days, or dangerous occurrence that could jeopardize safety and health of Employees (Article 50 paragraph 1);
31) if he/she does not report to the competent labor inspection, not later than three consecutive working days from the day of awareness, occupational disease, i.e. work-related disease of Employee (Article 50 paragraph 2);
32) if he/she does not enable Inspector to carry out supervision, that is entry into buildings and premises at any moment when Employees are present at work, or if he/she does not appoint at least one Employee to provide necessary information to inspector, or does not provide to the Labor Inspector insight into evidence on building stability, acts and documentation, applied safework and occupational health measures at instruments of labor, equipment for personal protection at work or data and records of utilization and storage of hazardous substances (Article 64);
33) if within the set deadline, he/she does not eliminate detected deficiencies and irregularities, as was prescribed by virtue of Decision by the Labor Inspector (Article 68 paragraph 1).
Infringement from paragraph 1 of this Article
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Software
Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, Dreamweaver, Frontpage, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint
• Professional native Serbian translator
• BA in Japanese and English language and literature, graduated at Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade
• 8+ years of extensive translating experience
• Working with a team of translators
Language pairs - both directions:
English > Serbian (native)
English > Japanese
Serbian > Japanese
English > Croatian
English > Serbo-Croatian
English > Bosnian
Services:
- Written translations
- Proofreading & editing
- Subtitling
- Software localization
- Professional evaluation of translation tests
Education:
2004- Master's degree in Human Resources Management / in process
1995-2003 Bachelor's degree in Japanese and English Language and Literature
Some recent translations:
Acquis Communautaire - EU Directives, Family Law, Occupational Safety Law, Report on implementation of labor rights in SaM, Counterpart Fund Project – Social housing for disabled war veterans, Joint Neighborhood Programme 2004-2006 SaM-Romania, Treaty establishing European Energy Community, Transportation Law, Land reform review, Draft instructions for the implementation of the Law on Value Added Tax, Report on implementation of credit for financial and private sector harmonization, Draft Law on State Audit Institute, European Charter on Small Enterprises, EU Manual for Good Production Practice in the field of pharmaceuticals and many other translations of various type.
Fields of specialization:
International cooperation & development, project management, diplomacy, politics, management, economy, legal, finance & banking, insurance, business correspondence, marketing & advertising, human resources, military & policing, medical, pharmaceutical, multimedia, social sciences, certificates & documents, reports, linguistics, literature, cultural, music-related and art-related, travel, tourism, fashion, cooking, cosmetics, comics, games.
Please note that I work with a team of translators, who are ready and willing to undertake larger volumes of translation and hence provide a quality and reliable service promptly.
If you would like us to do a short sample translation or discuss rates do not hesitate to contact us.
Keywords: English, Serbian, engleski, srpski, japanski, marketing, prevod, management, menadžment, ljudski resursi. See more.English, Serbian, engleski, srpski, japanski, marketing, prevod, management, menadžment, ljudski resursi, human resources, kultura, legal, pravni, kultura, culture, development, umetnost, cooking, ugovori, contracts, kozmetika, social sciences, finansije, finance, hrana, environment, ekonomija, fast service translation, translator, nihongo, turizam, music, economics, business, kulinarstvo, film, muzika. See less.
Expertise 
CV/Resume (DOC)