Alecs Freeman - Traduttore Da Italiano a Inglese.

Lingue di lavoro:

Da Italiano a Inglese
Da Inglese a Italiano

Alecs Freeman
DPSI Qualified English/Italian - Legal

Lombardia, Italia

Ora locale: 19:35 BST (GMT+1)

Madrelingua: Inglese

, Italiano

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Traduttore e/o interprete freelance

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Translation, Interpreting, Editing/proofreading, Voiceover (dubbing), Subtitling

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Traduzioni di prova presentate: 1

Da Inglese a Italiano: How PCR Tests Work General field: Scienze Detailed field: Scienza (generale)
Testo originale - Inglese PCR, polymerase chain reaction: how molecular tests work. By Dr. Brigida Garofalo “Audentes fortuna iuvat” Introduction: With the advent of the 2020 pandemic, we have often heard about the molecular PCR technique, an acronym for DNA POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, so much so that it became an extremely inflated acronym in common parlance. PCR technology has revolutionized the activity of research and diagnostic laboratories finding applications and uses in various fields of both medicine and biology. But what is PCR? How does it work? Who was its creator? Kary B. Mullis 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Let us start with the last question: PCR was invented in 1983 by Kary B. Mullis, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1993) for it. Mullis was an American scientist, a biochemist to be precise, born in 1944, a man who was ahead of his times, a man who lived between genius and debauchery, a scientist with deep curiosity, eccentric and the only Nobel Prize winner who hypothesizes an encounter with aliens. It was the spring of 1983 and as he himself later confessed, "Sometimes good ideas come just when you are not looking for them." I could hardly sleep that night, with the "deoxy ribonuclear" bombs exploding in my brain." He died on 7 August 2019 at the age of seventy-four and we cannot help but wonder what his position would have been in relation to Covid-19. But what is PCR? Although the technique has seen improvements over the years, the intuition and therefore the basic principle has remained the same: to quickly obtain millions of identical DNA molecules from extremely tiny amounts of nucleic acid, in other words an in vitro amplification reaction of a specific DNA fragment by means of an enzyme: DNA polymerase. How does it work: The number of new DNA molecules increases with each cycle. In fact, during the first cycle from a single DNA molecule two molecules are obtained, each consisting of an "old" helix that has served as a template for the synthesis of the "new" helix; in the second cycle each of the two molecules denatures, the four strands of DNA that are obtained serve as a template for the activity of DNA polymerase and in the end the DNA molecules become four. The amplification process proceeds in this way from cycle to cycle, so assuming thirty-six cycles, we would get sixty-eight billion copies! At this point we have understood what PCR does, let us now attach this concept to the molecular buffer. How this type of swab works we described in a previous article: It highlights the genetic material of the virus, its unique and unmistakable "signature." But is the Molecular test with PCR diagnostic or not? The study published on JAMA Network focuses on interpreting the results and variations of two commonly used diagnostic tests for diagnosing infection from SARS-CoV-2. • Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), • IgM and IgG with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Estimated change over time in diagnostic tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in relation to the onset of symptoms: The study shows that in most subjects with symptomatic COVID-19 infection, viral RNA, taken by nasopharyngeal swab, becomes detectable as early as the first day symptoms are present, with a peak within the first week of symptom onset. This positivity in mild cases begins to decrease by the third week, subsequently becoming undetectable. The PCR positivity can persist for over three weeks after the onset of the disease in severely ill hospitalized patients. However, a "positive" PCR result only reflects the detection of viral RNA and does not necessarily indicate the presence of viable virus. Given the 100% specific nature of the molecular PCR test, it remains questionable whether a Rt-PCR molecular swab can give us a confirmation of a Covid-19 diagnosis.	Traduzione - Italiano PCR, reazione a catena della polimerasi: come funzionano i test molecolari. A cura della Dott.ssa Brigida Garofalo “Audentes fortuna iuvat” Introduzione Con l’avvento della pandemia del 2020 abbiamo spesso sentito parlare della tecnica molecolare PCR, acronimo di REAZIONE A CATENA DELLA DNA POLIMERASI, tanto da diventare sigla estremamente inflazionata nel linguaggio comune. La tecnologia della PCR ha rivoluzionato l’attività dei laboratori di ricerca e di diagnostica trovando applicazioni ed impieghi in svariati campi della medicina e della biologia. Ma cosa è la PCR? Come funziona? Chi è stato il suo ideatore? Kary B. Mullis premio Nobel per la chimica nel 1993 Iniziamo proprio dall’ultimo quesito: la PCR fu ideata nel 1983 da Kary B. Mullis il quale ottenne, per questo, il Premio Nobel per la chimica (1993). Mullis era uno scienziato americano, un biochimico per la precisione, classe 1944, un uomo figlio dei suoi tempi, un uomo che ha vissuto tra genio e sregolatezza, uno scienziato dalla curiosità profonda, eccentrico e forse l’unico premio Nobel che ipotizza un incontro con gli alieni. (Ballando nudi nel campo della mente, un volume frizzante che parla di vari temi, dal metodo scientifico appunto, alla parapsicologia, all’Hiv e all’Aids, al caso di O.J. Simpson). Era la primavera del 1983 e come egli stesso ebbe poi a confessare: «Talvolta le buone idee vengono proprio quando non le si cerca. […] Non riuscii quasi a dormire quella notte, con le bombe «desossiribonucleari» che mi esplodevano nel cervello.». Muore il 7 agosto del 2019 a 74 anni e non possiamo fare a meno di chiederci quale sarebbe stata la sua posizione in relazione al Covid-19. Cosa è la PCR Nonostante la tecnica abbia visto dei miglioramenti negli anni, l’intuizione e quindi il principio di base è rimasto lo stesso: ottenere rapidamente milioni di molecole identiche di DNA a partire da quantità estremamente ridotte dell’acido nucleico, in altre parole una reazione di amplificazione in vitro di uno specifico frammento di DNA per mezzo di un enzima: la DNA polimerasi. Non è scopo di questo articolo illustrare i meccanismi biochimici della tecnica molecolare, tuttavia la figura che segue, seppur estremamente semplificata, può essere utile a livello concettuale anche per i “non addetti ai lavori” e serve a noi per rispondere al secondo quesito “come funziona?”.

Graduate diploma - IOL

Anni di esperienza: 32 Registrato in ProZ.com: Oct 2010.

N/A

Microsoft Word

Inglese (DOC)

Biografia

DPSI -Legal Option English/Italian obtained in 2010 from the IOL

Many years' experience in interpreting and translating.

Currently teaching English at The Shenker Institute, Corso Matteotti, 3 -20100 Milan, Italy.
CONTACT INFORMATION

Name Alessandra Motta-Freeman
Address Largo Quinto Alpini, 9 -20145 Milan, Italy
Telephone +39 333 6460681
English Mobile number: + 44 (0)7865 682269
E-mail: [email protected]
Teacher/Translator/Interpreter/Proofreader ENG to ITA and ITA to ENG
BA (Bachelor of Arts – Languages ~ Honors)
CELTA (Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults)
DPSI (Diploma in Public Service Interpreting) – Legal Option
DipTrans (Diploma in Translation) IoLET
MCIL (Member of the Chartered Institute of Linguist)
AITI (Associate of the Institute of Translation & Interpreting)
P.IVA: 07847560963

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth 16/04/1963
Place of Birth Milan, Italy
Passport European
Sex Female
U.K. Driving License
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
May, 2011 – Present
English teacher at Shenker Corporate Unipersonal S.r.l. via Mazzini, 2 – Milan, Italy
English teacher to private students and companies (Seat, Neac, Studio Legale Bonelli-Erede Pappalardi, Ferrovie dello Stato, Forze dell’Ordine, UET, etc.).
June, 2012 – December, 2013
English teacher at Doctor English, Lugano, Switzerland
June, 2010 – Present
Free-lance Public Service Interpreter – Health/Law
1993 – Present
Free-lance Translator/Interpreter/Proof-reader (Vanity Fair Italia; Translated srl; Blue Star Movies; Ultravista films; Milano Giorno e Notte; GMP sas; Vandu Language Services).
December, 2002 – February, 2006
Employment at Law Firm “Janni, Fauda, Brescia e Associati” in Milan, Italy
Position: translator
1993 - 2000
Collaboration with the Consulate General of Italy in Vancouver, Canada and in London, United Kingdom
Position: assistance to Italians abroad; translator/interpreter
September, 1998 – July, 2000
Employment at non-profit organization “Animal and Nature Conservation Fund” in Milan, Italy
Position: Translator / Public Relations

EDUCATION

DPSI (Diploma in Public Service Interpreting) – English Law Option - English/Italian language combination - June 2010 ~ First degree level qualification NQF Level 6 ~ For those working with UK community languages and English in a Public Service context. Successful candidates progress into careers as Interpreters in Courts, Hospitals, Local Government, etc.
DipTrans (IoLet level 7 Diploma in Translation QCF) – January 2009 ~ Postgraduate ~ this qualification is the gold standard in the field of Translation. Successful candidates progress into careers as freelance translators or work for corporations worldwide.
CELTA (Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults) – June 2006
Information Technology Certificate - Vancouver Community College, Vancouver, BC, Canada - September 1999
Community Interpreting Certificate - Vancouver Community College, Vancouver, BC, Canada – January 1998
B.A. in Modern Languages (Bachelor of Arts ~ Honors) - King’s College, Cambridge, U.K. (1981 –1985)

Languages Spoken: Italian, English, Spanish
COMPUTER SKILLS
Windows XP, MS Word, MS Excel, Trados, word processing, track changes, database, data communication, network user, Visual Basic, Access, Intranet and Internet, solid keyboard skills.

APTITUDES
Team work and dealing with the public

INTERESTS
Writing, reading, languages, sports, travel, photography, music

Ultimo aggiornamento del profilo
Feb 22

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