Slovak term (edited): vysok�m daniam a tie� vysok�m odvodom

as you said, there is some distinction:
Odvod daně - resulting tax advance payment which an employee pays after deduction of tax preference; whereas
Daň - mandatory payment set forth by law

Slovak term (edited): vysok�m daniam a tie� vysok�m odvodom

The primary, purely semantic difference is that "odvod" means the act of payment, while "daň" is the amount (to be) paid.
For example "odvod daně" = tax transfer, tax payment, levy of tax.

Some transfers to public budgets are called "daně", others are called "odvody". It does not matter, whether it is "deducted at the soure" or not. For example "Odvod za neplnenie povinného podielu zamestnávania občanov zo zdravotným postihnutím" (s. 65 of Act no. 5/2004 Z.z.) is not deducted at source, while the income tax may be deducted at the source, but it is always "daň z príjmu", a particular transfer of income tax may be "odvod dane z príjmu", but there is no "odvod z príjmu".

So you can transfer "odvod" as payment, levy, transfer - any word that means the some amount is transferred to a public budget (state, municipal, etc.)

Slovak term (edited): vysok�m daniam a tie� vysok�m odvodom

...levy is also tax

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 16 hrs 17 mins (2005-03-12 04:35:19 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Responding to Monika\'s referals: Fundamentals of Accounting:
Payroll Taxes:1.Employee income tax
2. Employee and employer social security tax
a. FICA tax- a federal tax paid by employees and employers for old-age, survivors....
b.Federal unemployment tax- a federal tax used for state and federal administrative expenses of the unemployment...
c. State uneployment tax- a state tax used to pay benefits to uneployed workers is called...
d. Retention of records-employers are required to retain all payroll records showing payments and deduction.
Records pertaining to social security tax payments and deductions must be retained for four years.

The words are taxes and deductions.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 16 hrs 18 mins (2005-03-12 04:36:02 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

If some typo, you must forgive me, that is out of point.

Slovak term (edited): vysok�m daniam a tie� vysok�m odvodom

I hesitate to venture into this quagmire, and basically everything is already in one answer or another, but here is my suggestion as the best way to phrase it. "payroll" is not really necessary, but makes it clear what kind of deductions are being talked about.

In the UK, the main way of collecting income tax is through payroll deductions (PAYE, pay as you earn), but there are other deductions such as National Insurance, which are not formally called "taxes".

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 days 21 mins (2005-03-14 12:38:59 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Following Radovan\'s comment, I\'d say something like: high rates of income tax, VAT and payroll deductions.

Slovak term (edited): vysok�m daniam a tie� vysok�m odvodom

odvod is a payment of tax by a business, who is by the law required to do so. For example employer, has to collect taxes from salaries and pay them to the goverment monthly. Also shops and other businesses have to collect taxes and send them to the government tax man.
Feell free to correct my English, but this is how the odvod works, employers ans shops have to do the gov erment dirty work and collect taxes and send to to the Uncle Sam in US or to similar tax man in Czech and-or Slovak Republic.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 days 9 hrs 26 mins (2005-03-14 21:43:37 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

payroll taxes (wage related costs) are only part of what feed the tax monster, sales tax, VAT, and other indirect taxes, hidden in user fees, and other ridiculous fees (just look at the US phone bill to see the long list of them), are just a few others and all has to be send to the tax man regularly - all this is odvody.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 days 9 hrs 28 mins (2005-03-14 21:45:40 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Pretty, I hope you are not working as a revenue adviser, Internal Revenue Service (IRS) may have a problem with you.

Slovak term (edited): vysok�m daniam a tie� vysok�m odvodom

Well, Dylan, I'll put my 2 cents into this discussion. The following website deals with finance reform in Slovakia and gives an exhaustive, itemized list of all different "Odvody/odvodové povinnosti" for employers, employees and self-employed persons. It should give a good idea of what "odvody" are. http://www.finance.sk/home/dane/ref/

I've seen odvody translated mainly as "wage-related costs" (with or without hyphen) and I've listed one website as a guidance. Stefan was pretty much on target, too.
www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/ anticorrupt/PolandAnnex1.pdf
Wages and wage-related costs (Social Security and Labor Fund contributions represent
48.5% of gross wages)

Good luck.




--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 15 hrs 33 mins (2005-03-13 03:51:19 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Pretty\'s has given us a hodgepodge of answers and I\'m not convinced she understands the concept of \"odvod\" but she\'s right, at least in the US, when she calls it \"tax\" (Social Security tax and so on).
As far as your question goes, Dylan, you have to know how accurate you need to be. I would definitely try to translate \"odvody\" and keep them in. They may seem redundant but he uses the word \"tiež\", which leads me to believe that the speaker may intend to be so specific.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 15 hrs 35 mins (2005-03-13 03:52:32 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

The correct link is:
www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/PolandAnnex1.pdf


--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 days 15 hrs 56 mins (2005-03-15 04:13:46 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Radovan, what you\'re saying is a very broad understanding of \"odvod\" (although not incorrect). In Slovak, we do say \"odvádza dane, odvádza poplatky\" and so on, and that\'s what you must be comming from. However, the very phrasing of the Slovak text calls for a more narrow interpretation of the phrase. If someone says \" vysoke dane a odvody\", they will most likely mean taxes (direct taxes, VATs) and \"odvody do fondov\" (payroll deductions, wage related costs, ...).

Slovak term (edited): vysok�m daniam a tie� vysok�m odvodom

Could people who have no idea about the Slovak tax terminology stop guessing?

The difference and philosophy is:

Tax - untargeted payment (neadresná dávka) - you pay it, and the state or the municipal authority decides what will it be used for (guns or computers on schools)

Fund contribution - targeted payment (adresná dávka) you pay it to the specialized fund - health, social, employment etc. and it will be used for this purpose only (contribution to health fund will not be used to support regional development etc.)

There are no other distinctions

Please, grade the answer to Mr. Melo, who was first eith this term.