indication в дефектоскопии (НРК) - это просто индикация (показание), это еще не дефект. Вот определение основных терминов NDT из https://www.facebook.com/nevcc/posts/indication-discontinuit...
Indication: A signal or response from the method or apparatus. Could be the result of something in the specimen under investigation, some external agents, faulty equipment, or intrinsic to the equipment itself (noise)
Discontinuity: A detectable change in the material under study that generates a signal or response. This could be due to some undesirable quality, or to a normal state or behavior of the specimen ( i.e. graininess in a casting)
Flaw: A discontinuity that can be characterized as having undesirable qualities but that is within the boundaries of what the specifications state for rejection
Defect: A discontinuity that is unacceptable to the quality level established (written) by the specification (or tacit) by some known service condition.
Important to notice is that quality is not always related to serviceability. A customer can order a part with a specified level of quality that will far exceed the rigors of service, in this case, quality below the required level cannot be accepted under the argument that the part will still perform well under service conditions.
Или еще одна цитата с учебного сайта https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MethodSummary/Method...
The indication is much easier to see than the actual defect.
Соответственно и в нашей терминологической библии Гостехнадзора по НРК https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/43/43147/
дефект определяется так :
2.37. Дефект (Defect) - каждое отдельное несоответствие продукции требованиям, установленным нормативной документацией [4].
Понятно, что индикация дефектом еще не является. там же есть даже термин "индикация дефекта":
2.48. Индикация дефекта (Defect indication) - изображение или сигнал от дефекта в форме, типичной для используемого вида (метода) НК [4]*.