La verdad es que la pregunta no es fácil de resolver. La única referencia que encontré fue en Wordreference, y allí dicen que podría ser associate. La pega es que Associate se usa para alguien junior, y adscripto se usa para alguien senior.

No hay que olvidar que los adscriptos liceales son profesores de secundaria. Hubo, hace un tiempo, un curso para adscriptos en el instituto docente, pero igual se les llama profesor adscripto, porque una de las tareas, a parte de las administrativas es la de orientar al estudiante en lo que tiene que ver con los valores. Tarea que se les dificulta muchísimo en estos tiempos. Saludos y suerte.

It is difficult to find the right term. "Adscriptos" in Uruguayan secondary schools do provide administrative support, but they are also concerned with student welfare. They perform a range of functions that are done by members of the teaching staff in other countries, but they do not, apparently, teach classes. Here is a detailed account of what they do:

http://www.liceopalmira.edu.uy/dep_adscripción.htm

The word that comes to mind here is "support". The "adscripción" could be called the support staff. But an individual "adscripto" can't really be termed a support teacher, because they are not actually teachers. I think "support assistant" would probably be best. In the UK the term "pupil support" is widely used. Here, for example, is a description of pupil support in a Scottish secondary school; it has a lot in common with Uruguayan "adscripción":

http://www.st-andrews-sec.glasgow.sch.uk/PlainText/PlainText...

For the US, I think "student" rather than "pupil" would probably be used.

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Note added at 3 hrs (2012-11-12 08:17:54 GMT)
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Here's another account of what "adscriptos" are and do:

"Los Adscriptos son un punto de referencia para el estudiante y vinculo cotidiano entre éstos y los demás integrantes de la Comunidad Educativa.
En relación con los alumnos, también los adscriptos los acompaña en su crecimiento personal más allá de su conducta y rendimiento.
* Dependen directamente del Equipo de Dirección.
* Asisten al alumno durante su permanencia en el colegio.
* Realizan las tareas administrativas inherentes al cargo, particularmente, el parte diario, el control y archivo de faltas
* el boletín de calificaciones del alumno, etc.
* Tienen presencia cotidiana y sistematica en el patio, corredores, cantina.
*Actúan como nexo entre la institución y la familia del alumno en lo referente a rendimiento y conducta.
* Participan en todas las actividades y/o de formación permanente propiciadas por el Colegio"
http://www.colegioyliceofatima.com.uy/quinto.html

They evidently have tutorial functions; they are not just secretarial.

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Note added at 7 hrs (2012-11-12 11:53:29 GMT)
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It would certainly make things easier if we could call them "support teachers", since this is a well-established term in English. The trouble is that although "adscriptos" may be qualified teachers, and can even be properly called "profesores" in Spanish, their job cannot be described as that of a teacher in English. "Support teacher" definitely implies someone who teaches classes, in a supporting role, or a class teacher who provides other kinds of student support. Now it's quite true, as I said, that Uruguayan secondary "adscriptos" have a very important pastoral or tutorial role, but that doesn't make them teachers, properly speaking. That is why I avoided the term. "Student support assistant" expresses this role: someone providing support to students in ways other than actual teaching.

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Note added at 7 hrs (2012-11-12 11:56:28 GMT)
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In short, "teacher" implies someone who provides academic teaching in the school, at least some of the time, and although "adscriptos" seem to do practically everything else, that, in principle, is what they don't do.

En Argentina también lo usamos en las universidades para referirnos a los graduados o alumnos con determinado porcentaje de la carrera completado que se "adscriben" a una materia y hacen un trabajo de investigación; además de asistir o ayudar al profesor con la corrección de trabajos o la preparación de material para las clases.

In the US, the term "teaching assistant" is often used to refer to university-level assistants, but can also be used for high-school level assistants. According to Wikipedia, "Common tasks [for teaching assistants] include assisting students with their work, and taking attendance. Most of the responsibilities of Teaching Assistants do not require the academic expertise of the professor in charge."

Thus, a teaching assistant helps out with one class in particular, mostly with administrative and support tasks. An alternative term, usually used in primary education, is "assistant teacher." For example, the woman who assists my mother, who is a kindergarten teacher, is called by this title.

However, some people in this forum have noted that "adscriptos" have more of a personal guidance function and serve more than one class group. In this case, "adscripto" would be what we in the US call a "school counselor" or a "guidance counselor."