English to Russian Tech/Engineering Physics

One pitfall of powder XRD is the issue of orientation effects, whereby the long axis of the mineral is preferentially aligned parallel to the sample surface during packing. This problem is particularly prominent in platy mineral phases such as the phyllosilicates (e.g., chlorite, illite, muscovite), and can result in gross overestimation or underestimation of relative abundance for such phases. Innovative advances in XRD sample holders in recent years, namely, the development of a piezo-harmonic, Vibrating Sample Holder (VSH; Sarrazin et al. 2005a), has reduced the potential for preferred orientation effects. Such technology has also led to the development of field-portable XRD (pXRD) devices, which can provide the geologist with rapid results in remote field areas.