English to Italian Art/Literary History Ireland

Alcuni esempi:

The town of Wexford became the first target for the new alliance of Irish and Norman forces. Before returning to Ireland, MacMurrough had promised the town to Robert FitzStephen and his half brother Maurice FitzGerald. However, for 300 years, Wexford had been a Viking town, an independent city state which paid only token dues to the Kings of Leinster. It wasn’t MacMurrough’s to give away. Throughout its history, the Hiberno-Norse town had enjoyed a relatively peaceful existence, but having heard about MacMurrough’s advancing army, Wexford prepared itself to fight.

The combined Irish and Norman forces first attempt to take the town was a failure. With MacMurrough’s credibility on the line, Lady Luck smiled down on him, as it transpired that his own Bishop of Ferns was staying in Wexford during the siege. The bishop persuaded the Hiberno-Norse to accept a settlement with the aggressors and thus handed MacMurrough a crucial victory and just as importantly, the loyalty of his Norman allies.

....

The Hiberno-Norse traded in skins and had their own coinage. There is also a stave church, a church made out of wood in the Norse style. On the bottom border you see the efforts of Robert FitzStephen to set up an effective siege on Wexford, which failed. The citizens of the town managed to drive the attackers off by throwing everything from boiling oil to stones or whatever they could find at them, even, it is said, dead cats. In the border also you can see the Bishops in discussion, and evidence of the piety of the Normans at prayer.

Grazie

CT