Translation glossary: Civil Eng / Building

\"3.2. ENSAYO DE EXPANSIÓN LIBRE\"
\"El índice de expansión libre se define como el aumento de volumen que sufre un suelo sin restricciones externas, cuando se sumerge en agua; esta es la definición El índice de expansión libre se define como el aumento de volumen que sufre un suelo sin restricciones externas, cuando se sumerge en agua; esta es la definición que brinda la norma INVIAS 132-13, por la que se determina este índice en suelos expansivos en Colombia...
Obtenidas las lecturas de datos se procede con los cálculos para obtener el índice de expansión libre (IEL), este índice se obtiene por medio de la siguiente ecuación:

𝐼𝐸𝐿 = 𝑉𝑤 − 𝑉𝑘 ∗ 100
---------
𝑉𝑘

Ecuación 2.
Índice de expansión Libre Dónde:
Vw= Volumen de la muestra leído de la probeta que contiene agua.
Vk= Volumen de la muestra leído de la probeta que contiene kerosene.\"

https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstream/10983/22861/1/(1)%20Tesis%20Analisis%20Experimental%20de%20la%20expansividad%20en%20suelos%20bentoniticos.pdf

\"Free Swell Index is the increase in volume of a soil, without any external
constraints, on submergence in water.

CALCULATIONS
Vd - Vk
Free Swell Index, (%) = ---------- x 100
Vk

Vd = Volume of the soil specimen read from the graduated cylinder containing
distilled water.
Vk = Volume of the soil specimen read from the graduated cylinder containing
kerosene.\"

http://www.prbdb.gov.in/files/Quality%20Control%20Training/Tests%20on%20Soils/Free%20Swell%20Index/Free%20Swell%20Index.pdf

(The equations may not reproduce in this format properly but you can see them clearly in the references)

filler

fines or fine aggregates

French to English Construction / Civil Engineering

franjas tributarias

tributary strips

Spanish to English Construction / Civil Engineering

Used to analyse the effects of loads on structures

\"The model output included nodal forces at several locations in each pier; these were translated into axial, moment, and shear demands on tributary strips of the piers. The axial force on each strip was used to calculate both moment and shear capacities. \"

https://www.ussdams.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Abstracts_2011.pdf

The second problem in design is the distribution of the slab load to the
supporting beams. An early recommendation was that each beam
carry the load within the diagonals of the supported panels applied as a
triangle with the vertex at mid-span as indicated on Fig. 16-9. The
1928 A.C.I. Code, in Art. 713/, recommended that supporting beams be
designed for the reaction of the tributary strips of slab carrying the
portion of the total load obtained from the (L/B — Yd relationship
without permitting any live load reduction and assuming that this load
is applied uniformly throughout the span length of the beam.

https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.3607/2015.3607.Introduction-To-Reinforced-Concrete-Design_djvu.txt

ouvrier suiveur

groundworker/groundwork labourer

French to English Construction / Civil Engineering

pied d\'aile

a notional margin extending the surface area of a party-wall

French to English Real Estate

sabot de cimentation à bille anti-retour

float shoe with (ball) check valve / float shoe with (ball) backpressure valve

French to English Construction / Civil Engineering

The \'ball\' part of the term is sometimes referred to and at other times is left out of the description. \'Sabot de cimentation\' is also called \'cement shoe\' but is more commonly referred to as \'float shoe\' see page 67 of

http://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports/RP-58793-FR.pdf

This from Schlumberger

\"float shoe - A rounded profile component attached to the downhole end of a casing string. An integral check valve in the float shoe prevents reverse flow, or U-tubing, of cement slurry from the annulus into the casing or flow of wellbore fluids into the casing string as it is run. \"

https://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/f/float_shoe....

It also has a diagram showing the check valve which is basically a ball that seats itself in order to stop the back flow of the cement.

This from Haliburton -

\"The float shoe contains a backpressure valve that prevents fluids from entering the casing while the pipe is lowered into the hole and prevents cement from flowing back into the casing after placement, while enabling circulation down through the casing.\"

https://www.halliburton.com/en-US/ps/cementing/casing-equipm...

For a diagram see page 1 of

https://www.botilindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Primar...

A more detailed diagram is shown of the whole setup here.

https://www.westernoilfieldservices.com/blog/guide-shoe-join...

You can see how the ball will head downwards when the downward pressure is greater and still allows downward flow though the system. When the backpressure upwards is higher, then the ball is forced upwards and shuts off the upper parts and stopping any upward, backwards flow.

sommet à borner

boundary vertex

French to English Real Estate

verticale

height of the street-facing vertical wall (or vertical facade)

French to English

\"Il y a lieu de constater que, selon la jurisprudence, il y a « construction nouvelle édifiée sans permis » lorsque les transformations opérées irrégulièrement « aboutissent à réaliser une construction n’ayant plus aucun lien avec la précédente » ou bien lorsqu’ils constituent « une construction nouvelle différant par sa conception, son importance et son aspect extérieur de l’ancien bâtiment, alors même que la hauteur de leur verticale et leur surface hors œuvre nette sont presque similaires ».\"

I believe it\'s the height of the vertical wall (or vertical facade) that faces onto the street. There are a myriad of regulations that determine how high this should be depending on the width of the street, overhangs, projecting structures etc.. Also how high it should be if there are two sides of the building that face different streets when the streets are at different levels. (The total height of the building is called the \'hauteur plafond\'.) See https://dtlab.fr/2004/10/31/essai-sur-lilot-si-paris-metait-compte/ and https://www.apur.org/sites/default/files/documents/incidences_evolution_loi_ALUR_bati_parisien.pdf for plenty of diagrams

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14Civil Eng / Building

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